It was inferred that the composition of genera and species, chemical content, distribution and ecological requirements could be studied with enough extent and certainty in the lichen family Cladoniaceae because it is one of the most extensively collected in Cuba and there was a certain taxonomic knowledge about it, not only in Cuba but also in the rest of the world. In order to test this previous hypothesis the following objectives were established: to determine the taxonomic composition of the group by carrying out morphological and chemical studies of the diverse genera and species to update and to enrich the knowledge that existed on the subject and also to display the geographical distribution and ecological requirements of the group. As a result, 29 species (1 of Cladia, 3 of Cladina and 25 of Cladonia) and two varieties are recognized in the Cuban Cladoniaceae. The following species are new reports for Cuba: Cladina subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & Culberson, Cladonia bacillaris Nyl., C. botryocarpa G. Merrill, C. floridana Vainio, C. grandma Vainio, C. grayi Sandstede, C. macrophylliza Vainio, C. raveneli Tuckerman and C. subradiata (Vainio) Sandstede.