According to its authors, T. cartagoensis differs from Tylopilus (Leccinum) chromapes (Frost) Smith & Thiers, in the pigmentation of the pileus and several microscopic features. Originally described from one collection on the western slope of Volcan Irazu, we have found it routinely in the Cordillera Talamanca and at Volcan Poas. The fine pink scabers on the stipe surface and the intense chrome yellow stipe base are diagnostic. We would add that it is generally smaller and with less vibrant colors than T. chromapes. Because of the stipe ornamentation, some authors would place this taxon in Leccinum. The original description was published in Australian Syst. Bot. 6: 191-193. 1993. There is a rare entity of this group in Costa Rica that has a black pileus and seems to lack the pink scabers on the stipe.