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Key to Bolivian Ericaceae with Superior Ovaries
(go to Inferior Ovaried Taxa )
1. Corolla with petals separate; fruit a septicidal capsule............................................Bejaria
aestuans L.
1. Corolla with petals fused; fruit a loculicidal capsule
or berry.
2. Stamens with filaments
geniculate; anthers without terminal awns or tubules, and without
white
disintegration tissue on abaxial side.....................................Agarista
boliviensis (Sleumer) Judd
2. Stamens with filaments
straight; anthers with terminal awns; anthers with white disintegration
tissue on
abaxial side.
3. Fruit a berry, rarely calyx becoming fleshy at base but never
surrounding the berry..................
...........................................................................................Pernettya
prostrata (Cav.) DC.
3. Fruit a capsule, surrounded by the fleshy, accrescent calyx (calyx
rarely not fleshy).................
..........................................................................................................................Gaultheria
4. Flowers solitary in axils of normal (or only slightly reduced)
leaves.
5. Thick-stemmed shrub to 5 m tall; corolla campanulate, broadest
at apex, yellowish-
green.....................Gaultheria buxifolia Willd. var. secunda (Remy) Luteyn
5. Thin-stemmed subshrub to 0.4 (rarely 1-2) m tall; corolla
urceolate to nearly
subglobose, inflated at the base and very constricted at the throat, pink
to rose-red
...........................................................................Gaultheria
vacinioides Wedd.
4. Flowers in axillary racemes.
6. Abaxial surface of lamina and entire inflorescence tomentose-lanate.....Gaultheria
eriophylla (Pers.) Sleumer ex Burtt var. mucronata (Remy)
Luteyn
6. Abaxial surface of lamina and inflorescences glabrous or sparsely
to densely
pubescent but never tomentose-lanate.
7. Young twigs and inflorescences conspicuously strigose with straight,
rigid,
appressed hairs, usually so dense as to obscure surfaces); lamina
usually densely
and persistently reddish-strigose beneath.
8. Calyx glabrous; corolla glabrous to variably hairy, never
densely strigose
all over; ovary glabrous or very weakly short-pilose at apex;
inflorescence congested (glomerate) at anthesis with the flowers broadly
overlapping ..........................Gaultheria glomerata (Cav.)
Sleumer
8. Calyx and corolla densely strigose-hirsute with ferruginous, subsetose,
rarely glandular hairs; ovary densely short-white pilose or cinerous;
inflorescence not congested at anthesis, the flowers widely spaced ........
................................................Gaultheria bracteata (Cav.) G.Don
7. Young twigs and inflorescences glabrous or variously spreading
pubescent, but not
appressed-strigose with straight, rigid hairs; lamina glabrous or variously
pubescent,
but not strigose beneath.
9. Repent, rhizomatous subshrub, 0.1-0.2 m tall; leaf lamina
usually obovate
with the apex rounded..................Gaultheria hapalotricha A.C.Sm.
9. Erect, subshrubs to shrubs, 0.1-8 m tall; leaf lamina various
but only rarely
obovate, the apex usually acute to acuminate.
10. Leaf lamina usually distinctly and prominently reticulate-veined
on both surfaces, the base usually acute to rounded; inflorescences
clustered at branch tips and conspicuously exceeding the leaves in
length; calyx and corolla eglandular; corolla white, pilose within ...
................................Gaultheria reticulata Kunth
in H.B.K.
10. Leaf lamina not conspicuously reticulate-veined on both surfaces,
the base usually rounded and deeply cordate; calyx and corolla
often glandular pubescent; corolla red, glabrous within...............
........................................................Gaultheria
erecta Vent.
Key to Bolivian Ericaceae with Inferior Ovaries
(go back to Superior Ovaried Taxa)
1. Stamens strongly unequal with filaments or anthers, or filaments
and anthers alternately conspicuously unequal.
2. Filaments equal
and connate over entire length; anthers with tubules widening distally
.............Satyria
3. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 6-10 x 1.5-3 cm, basally obtuse to
rounded, 3-plinerved; inflorescence
densely pilose (except corolla); pedicels 16-21 mm long; corolla ca. 11
mm long ..........................
.........................................................................................................Satyria
boliviana Luteyn
3. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 3-6 x 1.2-1.8 cm, basally cuneate to subattenuate,
pinnately veined;
inflorescence glabrous; pedicels 6-12 mm long; corolla ca. 6 mm long ..Satyria
neglecta A.C.Sm.
2. Filaments unequal,
distinct or partially connate; anthers with sides parallel, not widening
distally.
4. Anthers equal; stamens 1/2-1/3 as long as corolla;
floral bracts rarely large and showy but if so
then early deciduous.....................................................................................................Orthaea
5. Leaves pinnately veined ....................................................Orthaea
pinnatinervia Mansf.
5. Leaves plinerved.
6. Stems , petioles, leaves, rachis, pedicels, and corolla pilose
..Orthaea rusbyi Luteyn
6. Plants essentially glabrous.
7. Corolla 11-12 mm long ......................................Orthaea
constans A.C.Sm.
7. Corolla 15-33 mm long.
8. Staminal filaments distinct.
9. Rachis 3-5 cm long; pedicels 8-13 mm long ...........................
..................................................Orthaea weberbaueri Hoer.
9. Rachis ca. 1 cm long; pedicels ca. 7 mm long .........................
.......................................................Orthaea
ignea Sleumer
8. Staminal filaments connate.
10. Staminal dehiscence by terminal or subterminal pores.............
..................Orthaea boliviensis B.Fedtsch. & Basilevsk.
10. Staminal dehiscence by lateral clefts ....................................
.................................................Orthaea ferreyrae A.C.Sm.
4. Anthers unequal; stamens as long as corolla or rarely 1/2-2/3
the corolla length; floral bracts usually
large and showy, usually persistent through anthesis..................................................Cavendishia
11. Inflorescence a panicle........................................Cavendishia
martii (Meissn.) A.C.Sm.
11. Inflorescence a raceme.
12. Calyx densely woolly, the matted hairs persistent; leaves persistently
soft-pilose beneath
.................................................................Cavendishia
pubescens (Kunth) Hemsl.
12. Calyx glabrous to pilose, but never woolly and the hairs never
matted; leaves glabrous
to glabrate.......................Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz
& Pav. ex J.St.Hil.) Hoer.
1. Stamens equal with filaments and anthers of equal lengths
(rarely anthers inconspicuously alternately unequal).
13. Bracteoles located
at apex of pedicel and surrounding calyx (and sometimes lower corolla)..Disterigma
14. Leaves less than 5 mm broad.
15. Corolla campanulate-cylindric, 10-14 mm long, white sometimes
tinted with pink ...................
...........................................................................Disterigma
pernettyoides (Griseb.) Nied.
15. Corolla subcylindric to somewhat urceolate, 6-9 mm long, red
................................................
.........................................................................Disterigma
empetrifolium (Kunth) Drude
14. Leaves more than 5 mm broad.
16. Corolla 10-12 mm long, narrowly cylindric, red .....................Disterigma
pallidum A.C.Sm.
16. Corolla 4.5-7.5 mm long, subcylindric to ovate-urceolate, white
to red.
17. Flowers 4-merous; corolla subcylindric, rarely puberulous within;
staminal filaments distinct
......................................................................Disterigma
alaternoides (Kunth) Nied.
17. Flowers usually 5-merous (sometimes 4-merous); corolla
ovate-urceolate, conspicuously
pilose within; staminal filaments coherent at base............................................................
......................................................................Disterigma
ovatum (Rusby) S.F.Blake
13. Bracteoles located
well below apex of pedicel, or if apical then not clasping calyx.
18. Tubules elongate, thin, very graceful, about half as wide (or
less) as thecae; dehiscence pores
perfectly terminal.
19. Filaments distinct; rachis to 0.5 cm long; calyx
ca. 9 mm long; corolla 35-37 mm long.......
.....................................................................................Siphonandra
magnifica Sleumer
19. Filaments connate; rachis 2-5 cm long; calyx 7-8
mm long; corolla 25-47 mm long.
20. Corolla ca. 25 mm long ...Siphonandra elliptica (Ruiz
& Pav. ex G.Don) Klotzsch
(including S. pilosa A.C.Sm.)
20. Corolla 45-47 mm long....................................Siphonandra
boliviana Luteyn, ined.
18. Tubules about as wide as thecae, or if narrower then proportionally
much shorter than thecae;
dehiscence by lateral slits or elongate clefts; filaments connate or distinct.
21. Thecae conspicuously papillate; tubules rigid, elongate-
to short-conical; stamens often
1/3-1/2 as long as corolla..................................................................................Psammisia
22. Leaves stiff coriaceous; pedicels 20-40(-55) mm long; calyx
lobes prominent, 3-5 in
number, often in a state of fusion, 1-3 mm long; corolla 18-35 mm long;
stamens 9-15
mm long ................................................................ Psammisia
guianensis Klotzsch
22. Leaves chartaceous to soft coriaeous; pedicels 10-14 mm long;
calyx lobes lacking or
apiculate and less than 0.4 mm long; corolla 25-40 mm long; stamens 8-10
mm long.....
..............................................................Psammisia
pauciflora Griseb. ex A.C.Sm.
21. Thecae smooth to minutely papillate; tubules flexible,
cylindric, elongate to short; stamens
usually as long as corolla.
23. Calyx articulate with pedicel, the pedicel jointed at apex.
24. Corolla elongate-tubular,(8-)10 mm but usually longer?, normally
carnose or
coriaceous, the lobes valvate; filamants short and inconspicuous
with regard to
anthers ..........................................................................................Thibaudia
25. Plants densely short-pilose throughout (but see T.regularis?)...............
............................................Thibaudia densiflora (Herzog) A.C.Sm.
25. Plants essentially glabrous.
26. Leaves truncate or subcuneate at base..........................................
...................................................Thibaudia macrocalyx Remy
26. Leaves cuneate, attenuate or subattenuate at base.
27. Calyx strongly papillose at base; staminal filaments distinct...
...............................................Thibaudia axillaris Rusby
27. Calyx not papillose at base; staminal filaments connate.
28. Lower leaf surface and calyx essentially glabrous ..........
......................................Thibaudia crenulata Remy
28. Lower leaf surface and calyx densely white pilose .......
...................................Thibaudia regularis A.C.Sm.
24. Corolla urceolate to campanulate, 7-12 mm long, normally of thin
texture and
membranaceous, the lobes imbricate; filaments proportionally long
with regards to
anther length.
29. Ovary with a single ovule in each of the 10 locules; fruit
a drupe with 10
pyrenes..............................................Gaylussacia
cardenasii A.C.Sm.
29. Ovary with few to numerous ovules in each of the 5(-10) locules;
fruit a
many-seeded berry..............................................................Vaccinium
30. Leaves glabrous or lacking subfasciculate hairs beneath; corolla
cylindric-urceolate, white to pinkish.............................................
..............................Vaccinium floribundum Kunth in
H.B.K.
30. Leaves with subfasciculate hairs beneath; corolla rotate-campanulate,
green.........................Vaccinium dependens (G.Don) Sleumer
23. Calyx continuous with pedicel, the pedicel not jointed at apex.
31. Calyx conspicuously angled to 5-winged; corolla terete or angled.
32. Calyx angled opposite the lobes....Polyclita turbinata (Kuntze) A.C.Sm.
32. Calyx angled to winged alternate with the lobes.
33. Leaves linear, 1-nerved ...........................Rusbya
taxifolia Britton
33. Leaves variously shaped, broad, multi-nerved ..........Themistoclesia
34. Plants with pilose-hispid habit (including twigs, petioles, leaves
beneath, racemes, pedicels, and calyx); corolla cylindric, terete,
9-10 mm long, sparsely pilose distally .....................................
......................................Themistoclesia peruviana A.C.Sm.
34. Corolla ovate-urceolate, conspicuously swollen at base and
narrowed at throat, strongly 5-angled, x-x mm long, glabrous....
.............................Themistoclesia unduavensis Luteyn,
ined.
31. Calyx terete; corolla terete.
35. Corollas usually large, carnose to coriaceous, (0.6-)1.5-5 cm
or more long,
if less than 1 cm then staminal tubules twice as long as thecae; staminal
tubules
2-5 times longer than thecae; seeds with white embryos.......Demosthenesia
36. Corolla 0.6-0.8 cm long, white to pinkish ..........................................
....................................Demosthenesia pearcei (Britton)
A.C.Sm.
36. Corolla 1.7-5 cm long, red.
37. Corolla 2-3 cm long and 3-8 mm diam., slightly zygomorphic ...
........................Demosthenesia mandonii (Britton) A.C.Sm.
37. Corolla 3.5-5 cm long and 7-10 mm diam., actinomorphic ......
.........................Demosthenesia spectabilis (Rusby) A.C.Sm.
35. Corollas small, thin-membranaceous, up to10 mm long, but if longer
then
filaments proportionally much longer than anthers; staminal tubules
about
equalling anthers; seeds with green embryos.
38. Flowers usually in few- to many-flowered fascicles or racemes,
rarely
solitary; pedicels slender but not properly cernuous; filaments
usually
shorter than anthers..........................................................Diogenesia
39. Inflorescence a fascicle of 3-6 flowers, the rachis none .............
..............................Diogenesia boliviana (Britton)
Sleumer
39. Inflorescence a raceme of up to18 flowers, the rachis 2.5-6 cm
long........................Diogenesia racemosa (Herzog) Sleumer
38. Flowers 1-2 per axil; pedicels usually relatively long and thin,
filiform,
cernuous; filaments usually longer than anthers........Sphyrospermum
40. Flowers sessile, pedicel none ..................................................
..................................Sphyrospermum sessiliflorum Luteyn
40. Flowers conspicuously pedicellate.
41. Leaves suborbicular to oblong-ovate, (0.7-)0.9-1.5(-1.8)
cm long, the apex rounded or obtuse; flowers usually
extending well beyond the leaves; corolla 4-6 mm long;
stamens 4 ......................................................................
...........Sphyrospermum buxifolium Poepp. & Endlich.
41. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, usually conspicuously
longer than broad, (1-)2-3.5(-5) cm long, the apex obtuse
to acute, sometimes shortly and bluntly acuminate; flowers
rarely extending beyond the leaves; corolla (4-)5-7(-9)
mm long; stamens 4-5 or 8-10.......................................
...........................Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth.
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