{"id":45,"date":"2013-10-25T11:00:25","date_gmt":"2013-10-25T11:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nybg.org\/science-talk\/?p=45"},"modified":"2013-10-24T13:36:37","modified_gmt":"2013-10-24T13:36:37","slug":"lendemers-lichens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nybg.org\/blogs\/science-talk\/2013\/10\/lendemers-lichens\/","title":{"rendered":"Lendemer’s Lichens: Combing the Great Smoky Mountains"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"James<\/a>You\u2019ll find them clinging to rock faces like flecks of gray paint, or carpeting a tree trunk with skeins of red whisps. Lichens come in myriad shapes, sizes, colors, and consistencies. But while they\u2019re often overlooked during your average hike, they\u2019re worth giving a spare glance the next time you\u2019re outdoors\u2013lichens play an important part in the ecosystem. Few know this so well as the NYBG<\/a>\u2018s Dr. James Lendemer. Like many of the Garden\u2019s globetrotting scientists\u2013Michael Balick<\/a>, Bill Buck<\/a>, and Roy Halling<\/a>, to name a few\u2013Lendemer\u2019s field odysseys carry him well beyond the laboratory door in his hunt for specimens. In recent years, that chalks up to long days spent trekking through the Great Smoky Mountains<\/a> of the eastern United States.<\/p>\n

For the uninitiated, lichens are cryptogams\u2013fungi that reproduce by spores, as with other fungi and some groups of plants. But unlike either, lichens are unique<\/a> in that they\u2019re composite organisms, often a symbiotic combination of fungi and algae. Think of them as codependent roommates; the former acts as a sort of bodyguard for the latter in exchange for nourishing sugars from the algae\u2019s photosynthesis. At large, lichens make the perfect bird nests by some avian standards, and the growths also have a penchant for breaking down dead trees and rocks while providing nitrogen for soil. Unassuming as they are, they\u2019re integral to maintaining healthy biomes.
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\nAs a CUNY<\/a> graduate student, Lendemer first found himself working under The New York Botanical Garden banner with a donor-provided fellowship in 2007. Since then, Lendemer has teamed with Drs. Richard Harris and Brendan Hodkinson to create a lichenological collaborative here at the Garden, using a National Science Foundation<\/a> grant awarded early in 2012 to inventory the lichens of the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain\u2013an area the size of Alabama threatened by climate change and urbanization. Through the course of this collaboration, Lendemer\u2019s team would be joined by Dr. Erin Tripp of the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden<\/a>, a botanist and long-time associate of James\u2019. And together, they\u2019ve since shattered the belief that the Smokies are spent for new discoveries in the world of lichens.<\/p>\n

\"Together,<\/a>
Together, Lendemer and Tripp prove a formidable team.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Together, Lendemer and Tripp prove a formidable team.<\/p>\n

Lendemer and Tripp pegged Gorges State Park<\/a> as the first major territory for their lichen inventory, a large tract in the mountains just beyond the Smokies. The decision wasn\u2019t difficult; these mountains were once home territory for Tripp, who finished her undergraduate studies in nearby Asheville, NC. And there\u2019s nowhere in eastern North America that receives heavier rainfall, making it a biodiversity hotspot for mosses. The wealth of lichens growing there isn\u2019t much of a surprise, either, including several species completely new to science. It was a discovery that would set the tone for future excursions into the Great Smoky Mountains and the Appalachian range that encompasses them.<\/p>\n

\u201cAt the time we began our work in the Smokies, the dogma was that 99% of its lichen species were already known,\u201d explains Lendemer. \u201cHowever, Erin and one of her colleagues had established a one-hectare study plot in an old growth forest there where we inventoried the lichens. Seven new species have been described from that plot since, and two of them have never been seen again anywhere else.\u201d<\/p>\n

Since sampling that small plot of forest, the team has expanded its studies to cover a broader area, producing numbers even more impressive than first expected: a 60% increase compared to what was cataloged in the Smokies before, tallying more than 800 lichen species in the area. Not exactly small potatoes when you consider most authorities felt the park had little more in the way of lichens to discover.<\/p>\n

\"James<\/a>\u201cWe have continued to work in the Smokies since then,\u201d says Lendemer, \u201cand every day of hiking yields at least one surprise we hadn\u2019t seen before. For all the work we have completed, there\u2019s still so much to discover in the 816 square miles that this park comprises, but already we have shown that it\u2019s a hyperdiverse area for lichens with many previously undocumented species. Understanding the lichens of the park is the only way to conserve and manage them, and even the National Park Service<\/a> has become interested in the project; they\u2019ve been very helpful in facilitating our work.\u201d<\/p>\n

There are currently over 5,000 species of lichens known in the U.S., and through Lendemer\u2019s continued work, we hope to see that number shoot up. The time frame of the Smoky Mountain project boils down to however long it takes to get the job done.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe intend to continue working in the park until we reach the point that we feel we have adequately completed our survey,\u201d Lendemer says. \u201cOn our last trip, we hiked over 100 miles in two weeks, visiting more remote parts of the park. Every hike yielded significant new discoveries.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Lendemer\/Tripp photo courtesy of Emily Darling, National Park Service<\/a>.
\nThis article was first published on September 27, 2012.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

You\u2019ll find them clinging to rock faces like flecks of gray paint, or carpeting a tree trunk with skeins of red whisps. Lichens come in myriad shapes, sizes, colors, and consistencies. But while they\u2019re often overlooked during your average hike, they\u2019re worth giving a spare glance the next time you\u2019re outdoors\u2013lichens play an important part… <\/p>\n

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