Publications

THE LECYTHIDACEAE PAGES

Publications about Lecythidaceae
Return to Lecythidaceae pages

Scott A. Mori

The following is a list, arranged in alphabetical order by authors, of publications on the Lecythidaceae. This is a work in progress and the list currently includes many, but not all, of the publications that I am aware of. I will continue to add publications as time permits. Although I have tried to include references to the Old World literature, this list is heavily biased toward New World studies of Lecythidaceae. My publications have often been done in collaboration with the botanists described in the following paragraphs. The publication list follows these paragraphs.

My principal collaborator is Ghillean T. Prance, formerly Vice-President for Science at The New York Botanical Garden and Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Our collaboration began in 1975 and continues to this day.

I am currently working with Chih-Hua Tsou of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan and Arne Anderberg of the Swedish Museum of Natural History on a molecular study of Lecythidaceae worldwide, but with a special emphasis on resolving generic problems in Neotropical Lecythidaceae.

The first student who has studied Lecythidaceae under my direction as part of an advanced degree program in systematic botany is Dr. Chih-Hua Tsou. Her dissertation (Tsou, Chih-Hua. The embryology, reproductive morphology, and systematics of Lecythidaceae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 71: 1-110) was the first detailed embryological study of Lecythidaceae. She received her Ph.D. degree from the City University of New York in 1990. Dr. Tsou and I continue our collaboration on the phylogeny of Neotropical Lecythidaceae. The first product of this collaboration is a study of the relationship between seed anatomy and seed dispersal (see Tsou & Mori, 2002 below). Recently, another student from Taiwan, Ya-Yi Huang, finished her M.S. degree in the spring of 2005 under my direction. The title of her thesis is "The Phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data." She concluded that there are two distinct clades within the genus and that one of these clades is more closely related to Allantoma lineata than it is to the other clade of Cariniana. Ms. Huang will continue to work on the phylogeny of Lecythidaceae as part of her Ph.D. program at the City University of New York/New York Botanical Garden program.

My former student , Dr. Amy Berkov, has made important contributions to the knowledge of cerambycid beetles and their Lecythidaceae host species ( Berkov, A. 1999. Host utilization of the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) by sympatric wood-boring species of Palame (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Biol. J. Linn Soc. 67: 181-198) and Berkov, A. Meurer-Grimes & K. Purzycki. 2000. Do Lecythidaceae specialists (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) shun fetid tree species? Biotropica 32: 440-451). She continues her study of cerambycid beetle evolution in response to their host plants.

I have served as an informal advisor for several students who have studied the ecology of Lecythidaceae in the Lecythidaceae plot of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in central Amazonian Brazil. These students include Ms. Nadja Maria Lepsch-Cunha (see Lepsch-Cunha & Mori, 1999 and Mori & Lepsch-Cunha, 1995 below) and Dr. Alexandre Adalardo de Oliveira (Oliveira, A. A. de & S. A. Mori. 1999. A central Amazonian terra firme forest. I. High tree species richness on poor soils. Biodiversity and Conservation 8: 1219-1244). Although the Oliveira and Mori paper, and others produced by Oliveira and collaborators, do not specifically deal with Lecythidaceae, they put this family in context with other Amazon tree families. Much of my work on central Amazonian Lecythidaceae is summarized in As Florestas do Rio Negro, a book edited by Oliveira and Douglas Daly (See Mori, 2001 below).

Dr. John Janovec has been the driving force behind my ability to make information available on the Internet. John, who worked under my direction as a postdoctoral fellow from the fall of 2000 to the fall of 2001, is an example of how advisors of postdoctoral fellows reap benefits from interaction with their postdocs. I am grateful to John and to his professors at Texas A. & M. University for what they taught John about modern methods in plant systematics. John is now a Curator at the Botanical Research Institute of Texas and directs the Andes to Amazon Project at that institution. John is also directing a mapping project at the Los Amigos Research Station in Amazonian Peru which is currently focusing on Lecythidaceae and Myristicaceae, but his plans are to continue with other families once these two families have been mapped.

I thank the many others that have worked with me on various aspects of the Lecythidaceae, especially my wife, Carol Gracie, for her companionship on many expeditions and for her numerous photos of Lecythidaceae; the late Carl de Zeeuw for his collaboration on the wood anatomy of the family; Donald Black for his assistance and collaboration on anatomical projects; Ken Purzycki and Jette Knudsen for collaboration on studies of floral aromas; Arne Anderberg, Cynthia Morton, and Chih-Hua Tsou for their contributions to an undestanding of the systematics of Lecythidaceae based on their molecular studies; Melissa Tulig for making the species pages available on this website possible by writing the script needed to put the data online and for her entering of all of the names of Neotropical Lecythidaceae into the database; and John D. Mitchell for his encouragement and support in countless ways over the years.

The Brazil nut pages include numerous references not found here and should also be consulted, especially for popular articles as well as for articles written in Spanish.

Literature (sometimes annotated)

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y |Z

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Albuquerque, F. C. 1960. Mancha parda das fôlhas da castanheira do Pará causada por uma nova espécie de fungo. Bol. Técn. Inst. Agron. N. 38: 3-12.

Almeida, C. P. D. 1963. Castanha do Pará. Sua Exportação e Importância na Economia Amazônica. Ministério de Agricultura, Serviço de Informação Agrícola, Rio de Janeiro.

Altenbach, S.B., C.C. Kuo, L.C. Staraci, K. W. Pearson, C. Wainwright, A. Georgescu & J. Townsend. 1992. Accumulation of a Brazil nut albumin in seeds of transgenic canola results in enhanced levels of seed protein methionine. 1992. Plant Molec. Biol. 18: 235-245.

Altenbach, S.B., K.W. Pearson, F.W. Leung & S.S.M. Sun. 1987. Cloning and sequence analysis of a DNA encoding a Brazil nut protein exceptionally rich in methionine. Plant Molec. Biol. 8: 239-250.

Aluri, R. J. S. & C. S. Reddi. 1993. Floral biology of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 90: 539-540.

Ampe C., J. Van Damme, L.A.B. de Castro, M.J.A.M. Sampaio, M. Van Montagu & J. Vandekerckhove. 1986. The amino-acid sequence of the 2S sulphur-rich proteins from seeds of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.). Eur. J. Biochem. 159: 597-604.

Anderberg, A. A., C. Rydin & M. Källersjö. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in the order Ericales s.l.: analyses of molecular data from five genes from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 677-687.

Andrade, E. H. A., J. G. S. Maia, R. Streich & F. Marx. 1999. Seed composition of Amazonian Lecythidaceae species: Part 3 in the series "studies of edible Amazonian plants". Journal of Food Composition & Analysis 12: 37-51.

Andrade, F. A. D. 1968. Conjuntura da Castanha do Pará. Ministerio do Interior. Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia - SUDAM, Bélem.

Appel, O. 1996. Morphology and systematics of the Scytopetalaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 121: 207-227.

Appel, O. 2004. Scytopetalaceae. Pages 426-430 in K. Kubitzki (ed.), The families and genera of vascular plants. VI Flowering plants. Dicotyledons. Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Aragao, F. J. L., L. M. G. Barros, S. M. V. De, D. S. M. F. Grossi, E. R. P. Almeida, E. S. Gander & E. L. Rech. 1999. Expression of a methionine-rich storage albumin from the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K., Lecythidaceae) in transgenic bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L., Fabaceae). Genetics & Molecular Biology 22: 445-449.

Archer, T. C. 1853. Chapter III. Nuts Pages. 50-54, Plate VI in Popular Economic Botany. Reeves and Co., London. -- This is a book writen for the general public in which the two most most important edible nuts of the Brazil nut family, the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and the sapucaia nut (Lecythis pisonis) are discussed. It is here where the story of monkeys being captured by Amazonian Indians using Brazil nuts as bait was perhaps initiated. Archer states "So eager are the monkeys to obtain the nuts, that they will thrust their hand into this opening [the opercular opening], which they do with difficulty, and grasp the nuts; but the orifice which admitted the empty hand will not allow the egress of a full one, and the animal will torment itself a long time rather than relinquish its hold. The Indians avail themselves of this cupidity to entrap the monkeys. They open the lids of several capsules, and then throw them under the trees: the greedy monkey will not be satisfied with one pod, but will thrust its hands into two, and will not relinquish its hold; the encumbrance renders its capture easy..." PDF.

Arnold, A. E., P. D. Coley & T. Kursar. 1998. Fungal endophytes of neotropical trees: Diversity, abundance, and ecological patterns. Biotropica 30: 24.

Arshad, S.H., E. Malmberg, K. Krapf & D.W. Hide. 1991. Clinical and immunological characteristics of Brazil nut allergy. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 21: 373-376.

Aublet, J. F. 1775. Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise. Didot, Paris.

Avshalomov, G. & P. R. Logalbo. 2000. Cross reactivity among tree nuts. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 105: S134.

Baillon, H. 1877. Mrytacées. IV. Série des Barringtonia. Histoire des plantes 6: 323-378.

Baillon, H. 1880. The natural history of plants. L. Reeve & Co., London.

Barbosa, A. P. & A. C. Davide. 1997. Anatomical and morphological modifications of Amazon varzea forest species under flooding of root system seedlings. [Portuguese]. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 21: 77-84.

Barbosa, M. R. D. V. 1982. Lecythidaceae do parque nacional da Tijuca. Cardernos Feema. Série Trabalhos Técnicos 1/82. Flora, Alguns Estudos I: 9-16.

Barclay, M. N. I., A. Macpherson & J. Dixon. 1995. Selenium content of a range of UK foods. Journal of Food Composition & Analysis 8: 307-318.

Barros, F. D. 1992. Phanerogamic flora of Cardoso Island (São Paulo, Brazil): Lecythidaceae. [Portuguese]. Melo, Maria M. 2: 27-30.

Barth, O. M., C. F. Barreto, L. G. Coelho & C. R. Luz. 2004. Pollen record and paleoenvironment of a 4210 years BP old sediment in the Bay of Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Anais Acad. Brasil. Ci. 76: 549-551.

Beltrati, C. M., A. A. S. Paoli & J. Timoni. 1982. Morfologia e anatomia das sementes de Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Ktze. e de C. estrellensis (Raddi) O. Ktze. (Lecythidaceae). Anais Congr. Nac. Ess. Nat. 16A: 293-300.

Bena, P. 1960. Famille des Lécythidacées in Essences Forestières de Guyane. Bureau Agricole et Forestier Guyanais, Paris.

Bentham, G. & W. J. Hooker. 1865. Myrtaceae: Tribus IV. Lecythideae. Genera Plantarum 1: 720-725.

Bergman, J., J.-O. Lindström & U. Tilsiam. 1985. The structure and properties of some indolic constituents in Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Tetrahedron 41: 2879-2881.

Berkov, A. 2002. The impact of redefined species limits in Palame (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Laminiinae: Acanthocinini) on assessments of host, seasonal, and stratum specificity. Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

Berkov, A. & G. Tavakilian. 1999. Host utilization of the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) by sympatric wood-boring species of Palame (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 181-198.

Berkov, A., B. Meurer-Grimes & K. L. Purzycki. 2000. Do Lecythidaceae specialists (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) shun fetid tree species? Biotropica 32: 440-451.

Bernal-Garzon, R. A. 2000. Estudio botanico del potencial de uso de la familia Lecythidaceae para la Amazonia Colombiana (Araracuara y Leticia), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, D.C.

Bernal-M., H. Y. & J. E. Correa-Q. 1994. Lecythidaceae. Pages 273-304 in Especies vegetales promisorias de los países del Convenio Andrés Bello. Secretaria Ejecutiva del Convenio Andrés Bello, Santafé de Bogotá, D. E., Colombia.

Bonelli, P. R., R. P. A. Della, E. G. Cerrella & A. L. Cukierman. 2001. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on composition, surface properties and thermal degradation rates of Brazil nut shells. Bioresource Technology [ print] 76: 15-22.

Bonifaz, C. & X. Cornejo. 2004. Flora del Bosque de Garúa (árboles y epífitas) de la comuna Loma Alta, cordillera Chongón Colonche, provincia del Guayas, Ecuador. Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Bonpland, A. 1808. Plantes Áequinoxiales. Pp. 122-127, pl. 36.

Borja, J. M., B. Bartolome, E. Gomez, P. A. Galindo & F. Feo. 1999. Anaphylaxis from Brazil nut. Allergy (Copenhagen) 54: 1007-1008.

Bosser, J. 1988. Especes nouvelles du genre Foetidia (Lecythidaceae) de Madagascar. Bull. Mus. Nain. Hist. Nat., Paris 4e sér. section B, Adansonia, no. 2: 105-119.

Bourke, M. 1996. Edible indigenous nuts in Papua New Guinea: Their potential for commercial development. Wanatca Yearbook 20: 37-40.

Breteler, F. J. 2002. Scytopetalaceae are stipulate. Kew Bull. 57: 759-761.

Brinkmann, W. L. F. 1970. Optical characteristics of tropical tree-leaves and barks. III. Cardeiro (Scleronema micranthum Ducke), Ucuuba (Virola sp.) and Matá-Matás (Eschweilera spp.). Boletim do INPA 9: 1-14.

Buchanan, D. B., R. A. Mittermeier & M. G. M. Van Roosmalen. 1981. The saki monkey, genus Pithecia. Pages 391-417 in A. F. Coimbra-Filho and R. A. Mittermeier (eds.), Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro. Saki monkeys prey upon the seeds of Lecythidaceae.

Buckley, D.P., D.M. O'Malley, V. Apsit, G.T. Prance & K.S. Bawa. 1988. Genetics of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.:Lecythidaceae). 1. Genetic variation in natural populations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 76:923-928.

Calderón, E., G. Galeano & N. García. 2002. Libro rojo de plantas fanerógamas de Colombia. Insituto Alexander von Humboldt, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Bogotá.

Caldwell, J. 1991. A new species of toad in the genus Bufo from Pará, Brazil, with an unusual breeding site. Papéis Avulso Zool. 37: 389-400.

Caldwell, J. P. 1993. Brazil nut fruit capsules as phytotelmata: Interactions among anuran and insect larvae. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1193-1201.

Câmara Figueirêdo, F. J., C. H. Müller, A. A. Müller, D. A. Capucho Frazão & L. A. Freitas Pereira. 1980. Tratamentos fisicos na germinação de sementes de castanha-do-Brasi. Boletim de Pesquisa 12: 1-13.

Camargo, J. L. C., I. D. Ferraz & P. T. B. Sampaio. 2003. Castanha-de-macaco, Cariniana micrantha, Lecythidaceae. Manual de Sementes da Amazonica 2: 1-5.

Camargo, P. B. D., R. P. D. Salomão, S. Trumbore & L. A. Martinelli. 1994. How old are large Brazil-nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in the Amazon. Sci. Agric., Piracicaba 51: 398-391.

Camargo, V. P. D. 1997. Comparison of methods for moisture determination in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. and Bompl.) seeds. [Portuguese]. Ciencia e Agrotecnologia 21: 5-8.

Candolle, A. P. D. 1828. Prodromus Systematis Universalis Regni Vegetabilis.

Carlquist, S. 1988. Wood anatomy of Scytopetalaceae. Aliso 12: 63-76.

Carrière, E.-A. 1867. Revue horticole 39: 68-70. Libraire Agricole de la Maison Rustique, Paris. -- Written for the lay public and of little scientific interest. Much of the information comes from Humboldt and Bonpland and from Poiteau. Carrièreobserved trees in flower in December in Cayenne and that there were few houses that did not have several Brazil nut trees in their back yards. He notes that Portuguese from Pará sent a great quantity of Brazil nuts to Cayenne under the name of "touka. PDF.

Chambers, J. Q. 1998. Inter-specific variation in longevity for emergent trees of the central Amazon. Biotropica 30: 25-26.

Chambers, J. Q., T. V. Eldik, J. Southon & N. Higuchi. 2001. Tree age structure in tropical forests of central Amazonia. Pages 68-78 in R. O. Bierregaard, Jr., C. Gascon, T. E. Lovejoy and R. C. G. Mesquita (eds.), Lessons from Amazonia. The Ecology and Conservation of Fragmented Forest. Yale University Press, New Haven & London.

Chambers, J. Q., N. Higuchi & J. P. Schimel. 1998. Ancient trees in Amazonia. Nature 391: 135-136.

Chang, J. C., W. H. Gutenmann, C. M. Reid & D. J. Lisk. 1995. Selenium content of Brazil nuts from two geographic locations in Brazil. Chemosphere 30: 801-802.

Chansler, M. W., M. Mutanen, V.C. Morris & O.A. Lavander. 1986. Nutritional bioavailability to rats of selenium in Brazil nuts and mushrooms. Nutrition Research 6: 1419-1428.

Chantaranothai, P. 1995. Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) in Thailand. Kew Bulletin 50: 677-694.

Chantaranothai, P. 1995. Six new species of Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae). Kew Bulletin 50: 695-705.

Chantaranothai, P. 1996. A new species of Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin (Singapore) 48: 201-202.

Chávez, J.F. 1966. Estudio sobre la toxicidad de una muestra de nuez de Brasil con alto contenido de Selenio. Boletín de la Sociedad Química del Perú 32 (4): 195-.203.

Christovão, F. 1968. Historia dos animães e árvores do Maranhão. Published in 1967 by Archivo Histórico Ultramarino e Centro de Estudos Históricos Ultramarinos, Lisboa; and the botanical part in 1968 with editorial and background comments by several authors by the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Conselho de Pesquisas, Curitiba.

Clark, D. A. & D. B. Clark. 1999. Assessing the growth of tropical rain forest trees: Issues for forest modeling and management. Ecological Applications 9: 981-997.

Clark, D. A. & D. B. Clark. 2001. Getting to the canopy; tree height growth in a Neotropical forest. Ecology 82: 1460-1472.

Clark, J. L. & S. A. Mori. 2000. Grias longirachis (Lecythidaceae), a new species from norhwestern Ecuador. Brittonia 52: 245-148. This paper includes a key to the species of Grias.

Clay, J. 1997. Brazil nuts. Pages 246-282 in C. H. Freese (ed.), Harvesting wild species: implications for biodiversity conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.

Conti, E., A. Litt & K. J. Sytsma. 1996. Circumscription of Myrtales and their relationships to other rosids: Evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 83: 221-233.

Cornejo-Valverde, F. 2002. Historia natural de la castaña y propuestas para su manejo. Proyecto Conservando Castañales & Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca Amázonica.

Corner, E. J. H. 1952. Wayside trees of Malaysia. Government Printing Office by V. C. G. Gafrell, Government Printer, Singapore.

Costa, P. M. da & M. G. de Carvalho. 2003. New triterpine isolated from Eschweilera longipes (Lecythidaceae). Anais Acad. Brasil. Ci. 75(1): 21-25.

Costantin, J. & L. Dufour. 1885. Contributions a l'étude de la tige des Lécythidées. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 32: 115-119.

Croat, T. & S. A. Mori. 1974. A new species of Gustavia from Panama and Colombia. Brittonia 26: 22-26. Protologue of Gustavia grandibracteata.

Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. Columbia University Press, New York.

Cunha, O. R. D. 1989. Paul Vincent Ledoux (1898-1984). Pages 138-149 in Talento e atitude: estudos biográficos do Museu Emílio Goeldi, I. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Coleção Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, Belém, Pará.

Cunha, R., M. A. do Prado, J. E. U. de Carvalho & M. de Goes. 1996. Morphological studies on the development of the recalcitrant seed of Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. (Brazil nut). Seed Science & Technology 24: 581-584.

Dalling, J. W. & K. E. Harms. 1999. Damage tolerance and cotyledonary resource use in the tropical tree Gustavia superba. Oikos 85: 257-264.

Dechamps, R. 1979. Etude anatomique de bois d'Amérique du sud. Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Annales, Serie 8 8: 286-328.

Delboy, E. 1937. El arbol y el fruto de la castaña en el Peru. Bol. Soc. Geográfica 14: 55-61.

Denis, M., E. Krebbers & M. Renard. 1996. Effect of sulphur levels on transgenic double-low Brassica napus plants expressing a seed-specific gene encoding a methionine-rich 2 S albumin. Plant Breeding 115: 145-151. -- The effects of supplying varying levels of sulphur to transgenic Brassica napus plants expressing the Brazil nut 2S albumin in their seeds were studied in the field.

Détienne, P. & P. Jaquet. 1983. Atlas d'identification des bois de l'Amazonie et des regións voisines. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical, Nogent-Sur-Marne.

Détienne, P., P. Jacquet & A. Mariaux. 1982. Manuel d'identification des bois tropicaux. Centre Technique Forestier Tropical.

Diehl, G. A. 1935. A study of the Lecythidaceae. Trop. Woods 43: 1-14.

Dominguez, J. 1994. Distribution of production costs of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.) in Peru and Bolivia. School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

Dugand, A. 1947. Observaciones taxonomicas sobre las Lecythis del norte de Colombia. Caldasia 4: 411-426.

Duivenvoorden, J. F. 1995. Tree species composition and rain forest-environment relationships in the middle Caqueta area, Colombia, NW Amazonia. Vegetatio 120: 91-113.

Dwyer, J. D. 1965. Notes on the Lecythidaceae of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 351-363.

Endress, P. K. 1994. Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. -- Discusses staminal development of Lecythidaceae (pages 241-249).

Ewan, P. W. 1996. Peanut and nut allergy: A clinical study revealing new features and associations. Allergy (Copenhagen) 51: 51-52.

Eyma, P. J. 1932. The Polygonaceae, Guttiferae and Lecythidaceae of Suriname. J. H. de Bussy, Amsterdam. The Polygonaceae, Guttiferae and Lecythidaceae of Suriname. J. H. de Bussy, Amsterdam.

Eyma, P. J. 1934. Lecythidaceae. Flora of Suriname 3: 119-155.

Farrant, J. M., N. W. Pammenter, P. Berjak, E. J. Farnsworth & C. W. Vertucci. 1996. Presence of dehydrin-like proteins and levels of abscisic acid in recalcitrant (desiccation sensitive) seeds may be related to habitat. Seed Science Research 6: 175-182.

Fazolin, M. & W. S. D. Silva. 1995. Occurrence and damage of Hybolabus amazonicus Voss (Coleoptera: Attelabidae) to Brazil nut cultivation, in Rio Branco, Acre. [Portuguese]. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 24: 655-658.

Fernandez, M. D., A. Pieters, C. Donoso, C. Herrera, W. Tezara, E. Rengifo & A. Herrera. 1999. Seasonal changes in photosynthesis of trees in the flooded forest of the Mapire River. Tree Physiology 19: 79-85. -- A study of the flood tolerance of Eschweilera tenuifolia and four other species.

Fernandes, N. P. & J. D. C. Alencar. 1993. Development of native tree in trial of species: 4. Castanha-do-Brasil, (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.), ten years after planting. [Portuguese]. Acta Amazonica 23: 191-198.

Ferraz, I. D. et al. 2004. Guia de propágulos & plantulas. PDBFF/INPA, Manaus. -- Detailed and beautifully illustrated descriptions of the fruits, seeds, and seedlings of Cariniana micrantha and Eschweilera cyathiformis.

Ferreira, L. V. 1998. Intraspecific variation in phenology in relation to flooding duration in Eschweilera parvifolia (Lecythidaceae) in central Amazonian floodplain forest. Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 70: 677-680. -- A study of two different populations of Eschweilera parvifolia under different flooding regimes. The two different populations display considerable variation in flowering and fruiting phenology.

Ferreira, L. V. & G. T. Prance. 1999. Ecosystem recovery in terra firme forests after cutting and burning: A comparison on species richness, floristic composition and forest structure in the Jau National Park, Amazonia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 97-110. Lecythidaceae were among the most important families in both primary terra firme forest and in secondary forest.

Field, D. V. 1996. Richard Spruce's economic botany collections at Kew. Pages 246-264 in M. R. D. Seaward and S. M. D. Fitzgerald (eds.), Richard Spruce (1817-1893). Botanist and Explorer. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. -- Discusses the use of the bark of Bertholletia excelsa.

Figueredo, V. H. de. & C. H. Müller. 1978. Influência da casaca e da injeção de ácido giberélico na absorção de água pelas sementes de castanhheira (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.). EMBRAPA - Comunicado Técnico 2: 1-7.

Forget, P.-M. 1992. Seed removal and seed fate in Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae). Biotropica 24: 408-414.

Frame, D. & S. Durou. 2001. Morphology and biology of Napoleonaea vogelii (Lecythidaceae) flowers in relation to the natural history of insect visitors. Biotropica 33: 458-471.

Freiberg, M. 1996. Spatial distribution of vascular epiphytes on three emergent canopy trees in French Guiana. Biotropica 29: 345-355. -- A study of the distribution of epiphytic plants on three species of trees, including Couratari stellata.

Freire, F. D. C. O., Z. Kozakiewicz & R. R. M. Paterson. 2000. Mycoflora and mycotoxins in Brazilian black pepper, white pepper and Brazil nuts. Mycopathologia [ print] 149: 13-19.

Furtado, E. 1998. Immature stages of Loxolomia johnsoni Schaus (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Arsenurinae). [Portuguese]. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 15: 847-852. -- Among other plants, the larvae of this species of insect feed on Cariniana legalis.

Gamboa-Gaitán, M. A. 1997. Biologia reproductiva de Eschweilera bogotensis (Lecythidaceae), en la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Caldasia 19: 479-485.

Gander, E.S., K.O. Holmstroem, G.R. De Paiva, L.A.B. de Castro, M. Carneiro & M.F. Grossi de Sá. 1991. Isolation and characterization and expression of a gene coding for a 2S albumin from Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut). Plant Molec. Biol.16: 437-448.

Garcia, M. V. B., B. Ronchi-Teles, R. Andreazze & A. M. S. R. Pamplona. 1997. Occurrence and damage of Hybolabus amazonicus Voss and Hybolabus columbinus (Erickson) (Coleoptera: Attelabidae) on Brazil nut, in the Amazon Region. [Portuguese]. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 26: 213-215.

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Giraldo-Canas, D. 1999. Floristic composition, richness and distribution of physiographic landscapes between the Apaporis and Amazonas rivers, Colombian Amazon. [Spanish]. Darwiniana (San Isidro) 37: 25-35. -- Lecythidaceae are among the richest plant families in this inventory.

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Grenand, P., C. Morretti, H. Jacquemin & M.-F. Prévost. 2004. Pharmacopées traditionnelles en Guyane. IRD Éditions, Paris. -- Medicinal properties of Couratari multiflora and Gustavia augusta are discussed.

Grossi, D. S. M. F., D. F. Weinberg, E. L. Rech, L. M. G. Barros, F. J. L. Aragao, K. O. Holmstroem & E. S. Gander. 1994. Functional studies on a seed-specific promoter from a Brazil nut 2S gene. Plant Science (Limerick) 103: 189-198.

Grosvenor, P. W., P. K. Gothard, N. C. McWilliam, A. Supriono & D. O. Gray. 1995. Medicinal plants from Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Part 1: Uses. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 45: 75-95. -- Reports on the medicinal plants of an area in Sumatra, among which is the first report of Barringtonia lanceolata as medicinal.

Guariguata, M. R. & G. S. Gilbert. 1996. Interspecific variation in rates of trunk wound closure in a Panamanian lowland forest. Biotropica 28: 23-29. -- A study of the ability of trunks to heal wounds in several species on Barro Colorado Island Panama, including Gustavia superba.

Guariguata, M. R., A. J. J. Rosales & B. Finegan. 2000. Seed removal and fate in two selectively logged lowland forests with constrasting protection levels. Conservation Biology 14: 1046-1054.

Guerche, P., E. R. P. de Almeida, M. A. Schwarztein, E. Gander, E. Krebbers & G. Pelletier. 1990. Expression of the 2S albumin from Bertholletia excelsa in Brassica napus. Molecular & General Genetics. Springer Verlag, 221: 306-314.

Guix, J. C. 2005. Evidence of old anthropic effects in forests at the confluence of the Caurés and Negro Rivers - NW Amazonia: the role of Indians and Caboclos. Grupo de Estudos Ecológicos Documentos 8(1): 1-27. -- Mentions that Brazil nut populations, among other large-seeded plants, have been modified by Amerindians and caboclos.

Gupta, I. 1962. Morphological studies of the flower of Myrtaceae with special reference to its vasculature, University of Agra, Agra, India. -- A study of cortical bundle orientation in Old and some New World species.

Hallé, F. & D. J. Mabberley. 1976. Corner's architectural model. Gardens' Bulletin 29: 175-181. -- A species of Grias from Brazil is said to have Corner's architectural model.

Hamilton, M. B. 1998. Successful seed dispersal measured with chloroplast DNA polymorphism is highly localized in a Brazilian canopy tree, Corythophora alta (Lecythidaceae). Biotropica 30: 10-11.

Hamilton, M. B. 1999. Tropical tree gene flow and seed dispersal. Nature (London) 401: 129-130. -- Based on a study of the genetics of Corythophora alta.

Hamilton, M. B., J. M. Braverman & D. F. Soria-Hernanz. 2003. Patterns and relative rates of nucleotide and insertion/deletion evolution at six chloroplast intergenic regions in New World species of Lecythidaceae. Mol. Biol. Evol. 20: 1710-1721.

Hamilton, M. B. & R. C. Fleischer. 1999. Cloned microsatellite repeats differ between 4-base restriction endonucleases. Journal of Heredity 90: 561-563. -- One of the plants studied is Corythophora alta.

Hamilton, M. B. & J. R. Miller. 2002. Comparing relative rates of pollen and seed gene flow flow in the island model using nuclear and organelle measures of population structure. Genetics 162: 1897-1909. Seed gene flow in populations of Corythophora alta.

Harms, K. E. & A. Aiello. 1995. Seed-boring by tropical clearwing moths (Sesiidae): Aberrant behavior or widespread habit? Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 49: 43-48. -- The seed-boring behavior of clearwing moths is discussed, in particular that of Carmenta foraseminis Eichlin reared from seeds of Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) in Panama. Larval food plant and distribution data for a complex of similar species are provided.

Harms, K. E., J. W. Dalling & R. Aizprua. 1997. Regeneration from cotyledons in Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae). Biotropica 29: 234-237.

Harsh, R., B. D. Sharma & O. P. Suthar. 1992. Anatomy of petrified woods of Lecythidaceae and Combretaceae from Bikaner (Rajasthan) India. Phytomorphology 42: 87-102. Provides a description of the petrified wood of several extinct Old World species of Lecythidaceae.

Henderson, R. J. 1982. Lecythidaceae. Flora of Australia 8.

Hermet, M. & J. Tassin. 1995. Bois Puant seed germination. [French]. Bois et Forets des Tropiques 0: 41-49. -- A study of the seed germination of Foetidia mauritiana.

Holdsworth, D. 1993. Medicinal plants of the Oro (Northern) province of Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Pharmacognosy 31: 23-28.

Hourant, P., V. Baeten, M. T. Morales, M. Meurens & R. Aparicio. 2000. Oil and fat classification by selected bands of near-infrared spectroscopy. Applied Spectroscopy 54: 1168-1174. -- One of the species studied was the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa).

Hourihane, J. O. B., T. P. Dean & J. O. Warner. 1996. Peanut allergy in relation to heredity, maternal diet, and other atopic diseases: Results of a questionnaire survey, skin prick testing, and food challenges. Bmj 313: 518-521. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this article.

Huang, Y.-Y. 2005. The phylogeny of Cariniana (Lecythidaceae) based on morphological and anatomical data. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Biological Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degre of Master of Arts, Herbert H. Lehman College, The City University of New York and The New York Botanical Garden.

Hurtado, G. J. C., C. R. V. Fonseca, P. Hammond & N. Stork. 1998. Diversity of arthropods associated with Sapotaceae and Lecythidaceae tree canopies at the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Selbyana 19: 282.

Hyde, K. D. & C. A. Pearce. 1993. Phyllachora barringtoniicola nom. nov. and Phyllachora naqsii sp. nov. causing leaf spots on Barringtonia spp. Mycological Research 97: 1324-1327.

Imakawa, A. M. 1996. Ecofisiologia e establelecimento inicial de Cariniana micrantha Ducke (Lecythidaceae) em uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia central, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA/Universidade do Amazonas-UA, Manaus. Ecophysiology and initial seedling establishment of Cariniana micrantha.

Imakawa, A. M. & I. D. K. Ferraz. 1995. Germinação e características biométricas de Cariniana micrantha Ducke (Lecythidaceae) na Amazônia central. Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi, sér. Bot. 11: 27-41.

International Development Enterprises. 1990. Plans for four projects to increase the economic value of rain forest and reforested areas to forest-dwellers. International Development Enterprises, Colorado. 43 pages.

Ip, C. & D. J. Lisk. 1994. Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-rich products. Carcinogenesis (Oxford) 15: 573-576. -- One of the species studied was the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa).

Ip, C. & D. J. Lisk. 1994. Bioactivity of selenium from Brazil nut for cancer prevention and selenoenzyme maintenance. Nutrition & Cancer 21: 203-212.

Jackson, G. C. & J. B. Salas. 1965. Insect visitors of Lecythis elliptica H. B. K. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 49: 133-140.

Jacobs, J. W., C. Petroski, P. A. Friedman & E. Simpson. 1990. Characterization of the anticoagulent activities from a Brazilian arrow poison. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 63: 31-35. The species studied is Cariniana domestica.

Jacques, F. 1965. Morphologie du pollen et des ovules de Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lécythidacées). Pollen & Spores 7: 175-180. One of the first modern studies of pollen dimorphism in Lecythidaceae.

Jebb, M. 1992. Edible Barringtonias. Kew Mag. 9: 164-180.

Jorge, M. S. P. & C. A. Peres. 2005. Population densisty and home range size of red-rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) within and outside a natural Brazil nut stand in southeastern Amazonia. Biotropica 37: 317-321.

Kainer, K. A., M. L. Duryea & N. M. D. Costa. 1996. The future of extractive reserves in a nutshell: Brazil nut establishment and seedling autecology in Acre, Brazil. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 77: 223.

Kainer, K. A., M. L. Duryea, N. Costa de Macedo & K. Williams. 1998. Brazil nut seedling establishment and autecology in extractive reserves of Acre, Brazil. Ecol. Applications 8(2): 397-410. -- Evaluated seedling establishment in three habitats: forest gaps, shifting-cultivation plots, and pasture. Shifting cultivation plots had the best seedling establishment and growth.

Kainer, K. A., M. L. Duryea, M. de Matos Malavasi, E. Rodrigues da Silva & J. Harrison. 1999. Moist storage of Brazil nut seeds for improved germination and nursery management. Forest Ecol. Managem. 116: 207-217. Moist storage of Brazil nut seeds clearly improved germination and seeds that were stored and then had their testas removed germinated more quickly.

Kainer, K. A., L. H. O. Wadt, D. A. P. Gomes-Silva & M. Capunuá. 2006. Liana loads and their association with Bertholletia excelsa fruit and nut production, diameter growth and crown attributes. J. Trop. Ecol. 22: 147-154.

Kanashiro, M., S. A. Harris & A. Simons. 1997. RAPD diversity in Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa HUMB. and BONPL., Lecythidaceae). Silvae Genetica 46: 219-223.

Kartawinata, E. K. 1965. The genus Planchonia Blume (Lecythidaceae). Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 162-187.

Keay, R. W. J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Keay, R. W. J., C. F. A. Onochie & D. P. Stanfield. 1960. Nigerian trees. Federal Government Printer, Lagos.

Kirsch, T., G. Saalbach, N. V. Raikhel & L. Beevers. 1996. Interaction of a potential vacuolar targeting receptor with amino- and carboxyl-terminal targeting determinants. Plant Physiology (Rockville) 111: 469-474 -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this article.

Kitamura, P. C. & C. H. Müller. 1984. Castanhais nativos de Marabá: fatores de depredação e bases para a sua preservação. EMBRAPA-CPATU. Documentos 30: 1-32. -- Native Brazil nut stands near Marabá, factors causing their decline and data for their conservation.

Knab-Vispo, C., P. Berry & G. Rodriguez. 1999. Floristic and structural characterization of a lowland rain forest in the lower Caura watershed, Venezuelan Guayana. Acta Botanica Venezuelica 22: 325-359. -- The Brazil nut family was once one of the most important families in the forests studied as measured by the Family Importance Value.

Knudsen, J. T. & S. A. Mori. 1996. Floral scents and pollination in Neotropical Lecythidaceae. Biotropica 28: 42-60.

Knuth, R. 1939. Barringtoniaceae. Das Pflanzenreich IV. 219: 1-82.

Knuth, R. 1939. Lecythidaceae. Das Pflanzenreich IV. 219a: 1-146.

Knuth, R. 1939. Asteranthaceae. Das Pflanzenreich IV. 219b: 1-3.

Korning, J. & H. Balslev. 1994. Growth rates and mortality patterns of tropical lowland tree species and the relation to forest structure in Amazonian Ecuador. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10: 151-166. Grias neuberthii was one of the species studied.

Kowal, R. R. 1989. Chromosome numbers of Asteranthos and the putatively related Lecythidaceae. Brittonia 41(2): 131-135. In addition to Asteranthos, now a member of the Scytopetalaceae, counts for some Neotropical Lecythidaceae are provided.

Kowal, R., S. A. Mori & J. A. Kallunki. 1977. Chromosome counts of Panamanian Lecythidaceae. Brittonia 29: 399-410.

Lacorte, C., F. J. L. Aragao, E. R. Almeida, E. Mansur & E. L. Rech. 1997. Transient expression of GUS and the 2S albumin gene from Brazil nut in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed explants using particle bombardment. Plant Cell Reports 16: 619-623.

Lane, D. A. 1993. New food plant records for Chaetocneme denitza (Hewitson) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae). Australian Entomologist 20: 73-74. -- Included among the hosts are species of Lecythidaceae.

Laurance, W. F., H. E. M. Nacimento, S. G. Laurance, R. Condit, S. D'angelo & A. Andrade. 2003. Inferred longevity of Amazonian rain forest trees based on a long-term demographic study. Forest Ecol. Managem. 190: 131-143. -- The following species of Lecythidaceae are included in this study: Cariniana micrantha, Corythophora rimosa, Couratari stellata, Eschweilera amazoniciformis, Eschweilera coriacea, Lecythis barnebyi, Lecythis poiteaui, and Lecythis zabucajo.

Leão de Souza, A. D., A. F. Imbiriba da Rocha, M. L. Belém Pinheiro, C. H. de S. Andrade, A. L. de A. Queiroz Galotta & M. D. P. Soccorro S. Dos Santos. 2001. Contituentes químicos de Gustavia augusta L. (Lecythidaceae). Química Nova 24: 1-10.

Lehmann, J., S. C. M. da Silva & W. Zech. 2001. Organic matter stabilization in a Xanthic Ferralsol of the central Amazon as affected by single trees: Chemical characterization of density, aggregate, and particle size fractions. Geoderma 99: 147-168. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this study.

Leins, V. P. 1972. Das zentrifugale androeceum von Couroupita guianensis (Lecythidaceae). Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 48: 313-319.

Leite, E. J. 2001. Spatial distribution patterns of riverine forest taxa in Brasilia, Brazil. Forest Ecol.& Managem. 140: 257-264. -- Cariniana estrellensis was included in this study.

Lepsch-Cunha, N. 1996. Estrutura genética e fenologia de espécies raras de Couratari spp. (Lecythidaceae) na Amazônia central, USP, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil.

Lepsch-Cunha, N., P. Y. Kageyama & R. Vencovsky. 1999. Genetic diversity of Couratari multiflora and Couratari guianensis (Lecythidaceae): Consequences of two types of rarity in central Amazonia. Biodiversity & Conservation 8: 1205-1218.

Lepsch-Cunha, N. & S. A. Mori. 1999. Reproductive phenology and mating potential in a low density tree population of Couratari multiflora (Lecythidaceae) in central Amazonia. J. Trop. Ecol. 15: 97-121.

Liben, L. 1971. Révision du genre africain Napoleonaea P. Beauv. (Lecythidaceae). Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 41: 363-382. -- Of the 20 species that had been described up to 1971, Liben retained six, added two additional new species, and another two species were considered incompletely known.

Lima, E., P. Teixeira de Sousa filho, J. Bastida & G. Schmeda-Hirschmann. 2002. Saponins from Cariniana rubra (Lecythidaceae). Bol. Soc. Chil. Quím. 47(4): 441-447.

Locatelli, M., E. P. Martins, A. H. Vieira & V. F. de Souza. 2004?. Estimativa de crescimento em altura e diâmetro de castanha-do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.) cultivada sob pastagem no estado de Rondônia. -- Complete citation to be added. Establishes growth rates of 27.7 meters and 45.2 centimeters in 18 years for Brazil nut trees growing in plantations.

Lopes, M. A. & S. F. Ferrari. 1994. Differential recruitment of Eschweilera albiflora (Lecythidaceae) seedlings at two sites in western Brazilian Amazonia. Trop. Ecol. 35: 25-34.

Lopez, O. R. & T. A. Kursar. 1999. Flood tolerance of four tropical tree species. Tree Physiology 19: 925-932. -- Gustavia superba is included in this study.

Loureiro, A. A. & M. F. D. Silva. 1968. Catálogo das madeiras da Amazonônia. Ministério do Interior, Superintendência da Amazônia, Belém.

Lovelock, C. E., M. Jebb & C. B. Osmond. 1994. Photoinhibition and recovery in tropical plant species: Response to disturbance. Oecologia 97: 297-307.

Lowry, J. B. 1992. Cattle in tropical woodlands obtain late dry season feed supplementation from the native tree Planchonia careya. Tropical Grasslands 26: 243-247. - A species of Barringtonia was included in this study.

Mackeen, M. M., A. M. Ali, S. H. El-Sharkawy, M. Y. Manap, K. M. Salleh, N. H. Lajis & K. Kawazu. 1997. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of some Malaysian traditional vegetables (ulam). International Journal of Pharmacognosy 35: 174-178. - - Barringtonia racemosa was included in this study.

Mackensen, J., M. Tillery-Stevens, R. Klinge & H. Foelster. 2000. Site parameters, species composition, phytomass structure and element stores of a terra-firme forest in East-Amazonia, Brazil. Plant Ecology 151: 101-119.

Marcellino, L. H., G. Neshich, S. M. F. G. De, E. Krebbers & E. S. Gander. 1996. Modified 2S albumins with improved tryptophan content are correctly expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. FEBS Letters 385: 154-158. -- The Brazil nut was included in this study.

Massioit, G., X.-F. Chen, C. Lavaud, M.-O. L. Le, C. Delaude, A. Viari, P. Vigny & J. Duval. 1992. Saponins from stem bark of Petersianthus macrocarpus. Phytochemistry (Oxford) 31: 3571-3576.

Matos, F. D. de I. L. do Amaral. 1999. Ecological analysis of one hectare of terra-firme dense tropical rainforest at Estrada da Várzea, Amazon State, Brazil. [Portuguese]. Acta Amazonica 29: 365-379.

Maués, M. 2002. Reproductive phenology and pollination of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. Lecythidaceae) in eastern Amazonia. Pages 245-254 in P. Kevan & I. Fonseca VL (eds.), Pollinating bees -- the conservation link between agriculture and nature. Ministry of Environment, Brasília. This paper is essential reading for those interested in the pollination biology of the Brazil nut.

Mbata, G. N. & O. T. Ekpendu. 1992. The insecticidal action of four botanicals against three storage beetles. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Universiteit Gent 57: 723-733. Lecythidaceae were included in this study.

Medley, K. E. 1992. Patterns of forest diversity along the Tana River, Kenya. Journal of Tropical Ecology 8: 353-371. -- Barringtonia racemosa was included in this study.

Medri, M. E. & E. Lleras. 1979. Ecofisiology de plantas da Amazônia. 2 - Anatomia foliar e ecofisiologia de Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. (Canstanha-do-Pará) - Lecythidaceae. Acta Amazonica 9: 15-23.

Melo, M. M. 1992. Phanerogamic flora from Cardoso Island, Vol. 2. Malvaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Portulacaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Lecythidaceae. [Portuguese].

Melo, V. M. M., F. J. Xavier, M. S. Lima & A. Prouvost-Danon. 1994. Allergenicity and tolerance to proteins from Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.). Food & Agricultural Immunology 6: 185-195.

Miers, J. 1874. On the Lecythidaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30: 157-318.

Miers, J. 1875. On Napoleona, Omphalocarpum and Asteranthos. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: 17-19.

Miers, J. 1875. On the Barringtoniaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: 47-118.

Milliken, W. 1998. Structure and composition of one hectare of central Amazonian terra firme forest. Biotropica 30: 530-537. -- Lecythidaceae were one of the most important families in this study.

Mitchell, J. D. & S. A. Mori. 1987. Chapter X. Ecology. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 113-123.

Mohanty, R. B. & M. K. Rout. 1999. Ethnobotany of Careya arborea Roxb.: Some noteworthy folk uses in Orissa. Journal of Economic & Taxonomic Botany 23: 505-508.

Moreira, F. W., L. A. D. Oliveira & P. Becker. 1997. Absence of effective vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae on Lecythidaceae in a primary forest area of Central Amazonia. [Portuguese]. Acta Amazonica 27: 3-8.

Morhy, L. 1995. Proteins from Amazonia: Studies and perspectives for their research. Acs Symposium Series. Seidl, P. R. 5881995: 93-98. -- The Brazil nut was included in this study.

Mori, S. A. 1970. The ecology and uses of the species of Lecythis in Central America. Turrialba 20: 344-350. Includes an out-of-date key to the genus, a discussion of pollination and dispersal, and a section on the uses of the genus, including a discussion of the toxicity of the seeds of L. minor.

Mori, S. A. 1970. A new species of Lecythis from Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 57: 386-388. Protologue of L. mesophylla.

Mori, S. A. 1975. Priority of Lecythis ampla Miers over L. costaricensis Pittier. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 62: 512.

Mori, S. A. 1976. New species of Gustavia (Lecythidaceae) from Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela. Brittonia 28: 289-297.

Mori, S. A. 1977. Gustavia dodsonii (Lecythidaceae), a new species from Río Palenque, Ecuador. Selbyana 2: 37-38.

Mori, S. A. 1978. A new species of Gustavia (Lecythidaceae) from Panama. Brittonia 30: 340-341.

Mori, S. A. 1981. New species and combinations in Neotropical Lecythidaceae. Brittonia 33: 357-370.

Mori, S. A. 1981. New species of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) from southern Brazil. Brittonia 33: 466-472.

Mori, S. A. 1986. XIV. The Lecythidaceae of la Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Flora of the Guianas Newsletter 3.

Mori, S. A. 1987. Chapter I. Introduction. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 3-8.

Mori, S. A. 1987. Chapter III. New taxa. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 30-34.

Mori, S. A. 1987. Chapter IV. Species. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 35-43.

Mori, S. A. 1987. Chapter XIV. Checklist of seed plants (excepting Lecythidaceae) and their vouchers. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 164-174.

Mori, S. A. 1987. Eschweilera costaricensis (Lecythidaceae): a new species for the floras of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 455-456.

Mori, S. A. 1988. Biologia da polinização em Lecythidaceae. Acta Bot. Brasil. (supl.) 1: 121-124.

Mori, S. A. 1989. Diversity of Lecythidaceae in the Guianas. Pages 319-332 in L. B. Holm-Nielsen, I. C. Nielsen & H. Balslev (eds.), Tropical forests. Academic Press, London.

Mori, S. A. 1989. New bracteate species of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae) from the Amazon Valley. Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. 5: 19-24.

Mori, S. A. 1990. Diversificação e conservação das Lecythidaceae Neotropicais. Acta Bot. Bras. 4: 45-68.

Mori, S. A. 1991. The Guayana lowland floristic province. C. R. Soc. Biogéogr. 67: 67-75.

Mori, S. A. 1992. The Brazil nut industry - past, present, and future. Pages 241-251 in M. Plotkin & L. Famolare (eds.), Sustainable harvast and marketing of rain forest products. Island Press, Washington, D. C.

Mori, S. A. 1992. Eschweilera pseudodecolorans (Lecythidaceae), a new species from central Amazonian Brazil. Brittonia 44: 244-246.

Mori, S. A. 1995. Lecythidaceae. Pages 66-73 in M. Nee (ed.), Flora preliminar do Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais. New York Botanical Garden and INPA/Smithsonian Projeto Dinâmica de Fragmentos Florestais, Manaus, Brazil.

Mori, S. A. 1995. Lecythidaceae. The World of Plants, Asahi Simbun Press 7: 56-61.

Mori, S. A. 1995. Observações sobre as espécies de Lecythidaceae do leste do Brasil. Bolm. Botânica, Univ. S. Paulo 14: 1-31.

Mori, S. A. 1999. Lecythidaceae. Pages 533-535 in P. M. Jørgensen & León-Yánez (eds.), Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Mori, S. A. 2000. Bats, bees, and Brazil nut trees. Natural History, April 2000. Pp. 66-69.

Mori, S. A. 2001. A família da castanha-do-Pará: símbolo do Rio Negro. Pages 119-141 in A. A. de Oliveira & D. Daly (eds.), Florestas do Rio Negro. Companhia das Letras, Universidade Paulista and The New York Botanical Garden, São Paulo and New York.

Mori, S. A. 2002. Lecythidaceae. In: S. A. Mori, G. Cremers, C. Gracie, J.-J. de Granville, S. V. Heald, M. Hoff,& J. D. Mitchell (eds.). Guide to the vascular plants of central French Guiana. Part 2. Dicotyledons. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 76(2): 385-397.

Mori, S. A. 2004. Tropical Forests: Lecythidaceae. Pages 1745-1752 in J. Burley, J. Evans & J. A. Youngquist (eds.), Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences, vol. 4. Elsevier Ltd., Oxford.

Mori, S. A. 2004. Lecythidaceae. Pages 207-209 in Smith, N., S. A. Mori, A. Henderson, D. Wm. Stevenson & S. V. Heald. 2004. Flowering plants of the Neotropics. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford .

Mori, S. A. & P. Becker. 1991. Flooding affects survival of Lecythidaceae in terra firme forest near Manaus, Brazil. Biotropica 23: 87-90.

Mori, S. A., P. Becker & D. Kincaid. 2001. Lecythidaceae of a central Amazonian lowland forest. Implications for conservation. Pages 54-67 in R. O. Bierregaard, Jr., C. Gascon, T. E. Lovejoy & R. C. G. Mesquita (eds.), Lessons from Amazonia. The ecology and conservation of a fragmented forest. Yale University Press, New Haven & London.

Mori, S. A. & D. Black. 1987. Chapter VII. Stem and leaf anatomy. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 72-85.

Mori, S. A., D. Black & C. de Zeeuw. 1987. Chapter VIII. Habit and bark. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 86-99.

Mori, S. A. & J. D. Boeke. 1987. Chapter XII. Pollination. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 137-155.

Mori, S. A. & B. M. Boom. 1987. Chapter II. The forest. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 9-29.

Mori, S. A. & B. M. Boom. 1987. Chapter V. Location. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 44-54.

Mori, S. A. & Collaborators. 1987. The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 1-190.

Mori, S. A. & H. García-Barriga. 1975. A new Colombian species of Lecythidaceae. Caldasia 11(53): 52-53. -- Protologue of Gustavia romeroi.

Mori, S. A. & J. A. Kallunki. 1976. Phenology and floral biology of Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) in central Panama. Biotropica 8: 143-165.

Mori, S. A. & N. Lepsch-Cunha. 1995. The Lecythidaceae of a central Amazonian moist forest. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 75: 1-55.

Mori, S. A., L. A. Mattos-Silva & T. S. dos Santos. 1980. Observações sobre a fenologia e biologia floral de Lecythis pisonis Cambess. (Lecythidaceae). Revista Theobroma 10: 103-111.

Mori, S. A. & J. D. Mitchell. 1990. Tapirira bethanniana (Anacardiaceae) and Eschweilera piresii subsp. viridipetala (Lecythidaceae), two new taxa from central French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 64: 229-234.

Mori, S. A. & J. E. Orchard. 1979. Fenologia, biologia floral e evidência sobre dimorfismo fisiológico do pólen de Lecythis pisonis Cambess. (Lecythidaceae). Anais Soc. Bot. Brasil 30: 109-116.

Mori, S. A., J. E. Orchard & G. T. Prance. 1980. Intrafloral pollen differentiation in the New World Lecythidaceae, subfamily Lecythidoideae. Science 209: 400-403.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1978. Additional notes on the floral biology of Neotropical Lecythidaceae. Brittonia 30: 113-341.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1981. Relações entre a classsificação genérica de Lecythidaceae do Novo Mundo e seus plinizadores e dispersadores. Revta. Brasil. Bot. 4: 31-37. -- Couroupita guianensis and Lecythis pisonis were included in this study.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1981. The "Sapucaia" group of Lecythis (Lecythidaceae). Brittonia 33: 70-80.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1983. Lecitidáceas: família da castanha-do-Pará. Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau. Boletim Técnico 116: 1-35.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1987. Chapter VI. Phytogeography. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 55-71.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1987. Chapter XI. Phenology. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 124-236.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1987. A guide to collecting Lecythidaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 321-330.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1987. Species diversity, phenology, plant-animal interactions, and their correlation with climate, as illustrated by the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae). Pages 69-89 in R. E. Dickinson (ed.), The Geophysiology of Amazonia. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1990. Lecythidaceae - Part II: the zygomorphic-flowered New World Genera (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis). With a study of the secondary xylem of Neotropical Lecythidaceae by Carl de Zeeuw. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-376.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1990. Taxonomy, ecology, and economic botany of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl.: Lecythidaceae). Advances Econ. Bot. 8: 130-150.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1992. Lecythidaceae. Pages 168-171 in J. Boggan, V. A. Funk, C. Kelloff, M. Hoff, G. Cremers & C. Feuillet (eds.), Checklist of the plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity, Georgetown, Guyana.

Mori, S. A. & G. T. Prance. 1999. Lecythidaceae. Pages 750-779 in P. E. Berry, K. Yatskievych & B. K. Holst (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 5. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Mori, S. A., G. T. Prance, S. A. Mori & L. G. Thorburn. 1998. Recircumscription of the Lecythidaceae. Taxon 47: 817-827.

Moritz, A. 1984. Estudos biológicos da floração e da frutificação da castanha-do-Brasil. EMBRAPA-CPATU. Documentos 29: 1-82.

Moritz, A. 1992. Blütenbiologie und befruchtungsverhalten verschiedener klone der paranuss (Bertholletia excelsa Hum. & Bonpl., Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin.

Morley, B. D. & H. R. Toelken. 1983. Flowering plants in Australia. Riby. -- Keys to Planchonia and Barringtonia. Fruits from B. racemosa and P. careya used for food. Barringtonia. racemosa, B. acutangula, B. asiatica, and Planchonia careya used to stupefy fish. In addition these plants provided sources of twine, fibre for apron belts, and medicine in the past.

Morton, C. M., S. A. Mori, G. T. Prance, K. G. Karol & M. W. Chase. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of Lecythidaceae: a cladistic analysis using rbcL sequence and morphological data. Amer. J. Bot. 84: 530-540. -- This study examined the rbcL sequence and morphological support for subfamilial relationships and monophyly of Lecythidaceae. The relationship of Lecythidaceae with 40 other genera from families that have been hypothesized to be related to Lecythidaceae was investigated and the Sapotaceae turned out to be sister to Lecythidaceae. All analyses strongly support the monophyly of the asterid III grouping. This analysis revealed Lecythidaceae to be paraphyletic because Scytopetalaceae are not included. The topology of the morphological data set was similar to the rbcL sequence as well as were the combined data sets except for the positioning of Napoleonaeoideae, Grias, Gustavia, and Oubanguia. According to the combined results, Planchonioideae, Lecythidoideae, and Foetidioideae are monophyletic. Nested within Lecythidaceae sensu lato , Asteranthos forms a strongly supported clade with Oubanguia (Scytopetalaceae). Foetidia, the only genus of Foetidioideae, is sister to the Planchonioideae, and this clade is sister to Lecythidoideae. The ((Planchonioideae, Foetidioideae) Lecythidoideae) is sister to Asteranthos/Oubanguia. Napoleonaeoideae are sister to the rest of the Lecythidaceae..

Morton, C. M., G. T. Prance, S. A. Mori & L. G. Thorburn. 1998. Recircumscription of the Lecythidaceae. Taxon: 47: 817-827. -- The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Lecythidaceae and representatives of Scytopetalaceae were assessed using cladistic analysis of both molecular (rbcL and trnL sequences) and morphological data. The results show that the pantropical family Lecythidaceae is paraphyletic. Support was found for the monophyly of three of the four subfamilies: Lecythidoideae, Planchonioideae, and Foetidioideae. The fourth subfamily, Napoleonaeoideae, was found to be paraphyletic, with members of the Scytopetalaceae being nested within it forming a strong clade with Asteranthos. Both families share a number of morphological features, including several distinct characters such as cortical bundles in the stem. Asteranthos and members of Scytopetalaceae should be treated as a subfamily of Lecythidaceae, while Napoleonaea and Crateranthus (the latter based solely on morphological features) should remain in the subfamily Napoleonaeoideae. The Lecythidaceae are recircumscribed, and Asteranthos and members of Scytopetalaceae are included in Scytopetaloideae. A formal taxonomic synopsis accommodating this new circumscription is presented.

Mueller, C. H. & B. B. G. Calzavara. 1995. The brazilnut. Wanatca Yearbook 19: 33-40.

Muller, J. 1972. Pollen morphological evidence for subdivision and affinities of Lecythidaceae. Blumea 20: 350-355.

Muller, J. 1973. Pollen morphology of Barringtonia calyprocalyx K. Sch. (Lecythidaceae). Grana 13: 29-44.

Müller, C. H. 1981. Castanha-do-Brasil; estudos agronômicos. CPATU Documentos 1: 1-25. An agricultural study of the Brazil nut.

Müller, C. H. 1982. Quebra da dormência da semente e enxertia em castanha-do-Brasil. EMBRAPA - CPATU Miscenânea 16: 10-40. -- Breaking the seed dormancy of the Brazil nut

Müller, C. H. & F. D. C. O. Freire. 1979. Influência de fungicidas na conservação e na germinação de améndoas de castanha-do-Brasil. EMBRAPA - Comunicado Técnico 26: 1-9. -- Influence of fungicides in the conservation and germination of the Brazil nut.

Müller, C. H., I. A. Rodrigues, A. A. Müller & N. R. M. Müller. 1980. Castanha-do Brasil. Resultados de pesquisa. EMBRAP Miscelânea 2: 1-25.

Myers, B. A., G. A. Duff, D. Eamus, I. R. Fordyce, A. O'grady & R. J. Williams. 1997. Seasonal variation in water relations of trees of differing leaf phenology in a wet-dry tropical savanna near Darwin, northern Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 45: 225-240. -- Planchonia careya is mentioned in this study.

Myers, B. A., R. J. Williams, I. Fordyce, G. A. Duff & D. Eamus. 1998. Does irrigation affect leaf phenology in deciduous and evergreen trees of the savannas of northern Australia? Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 329-339. -- Planchonia careya is mentioned in this study.

Myers, G. P., A. C. Newton & O. Melgarejo. 2000. The influence of canopy gap size on natural regeneration of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) in Bolivia. Forest Ecology & Management 127: 119-128.

Nandi, O. I., M. W. Chase & P. K. Endress. 1998. A combined cladistic analysis of angiosperms using rbcL and non-molecular data sets. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: 137-212. Lecythidaceae and Scytopetalaceae are found to be members of the asterid III clade.

Nascimento, M. T. & J. Proctor. 1997. Population dynamics of five tree species in a monodominant Peltogyne forest and two other forest types on Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil. Forest Ecology & Management 94: 115-128. Lecythis corrugata is part of this study.

Nascimento, M. T., J. Proctor & D. M. Villela. 1997. Forest structure, floristic composition and soils of an Amazonian monodominant forest on Maraca Island, Roraima, Brazil. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 54: 1-38. Lecythis corrugata was one of the most common species in this area.

Nelson, B. W., M. L. Absy, E. M. Barbosa & G. T. Prance. 1985. Observations on flower visitors to Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K. and Couratari tenuicarpa A. C. Sm. (Lecythidaceae). Acta Amazonica Supl. 15(1-2): 225-234. PDF.

Newing, H. & S. Harrop. 2000. European health regulations and Brazil nuts: Implications for biodiversity conservation and sustainable rural livelihoods in the Amazon. Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 3: 1-23.

Nicaud, J. M., A. Raynal, A. Beyou, M. Merkamm, H. Ito & N. Labat. 1994. Stabilization of methionine-rich protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Targeting of BZN protein into the peroxisome. Current Genetics 26: 390-397. The Brazil nut was one of the plants studied.

Nordlee, J. A., S. L. Taylor, J. A. Townsend & L. A. Thomas. 1994. High methionine Brazil nut protein binds human IgE. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 93: 209.

Nordlee, J. A., S. L. Taylor, J. A. Townsend, L. A. Thomas & L. R. Beach. 1996. Transgenic soybeans containing Brazil nut 2S storage protein: Issues regarding allergenicity. Eisenbrand, G.: 196-202.

Nordlee, J. A., S. L. Taylor, J. A. Townsend, L. A. Thomas & R. K. Bush. 1996. Identification of a Brazil-nut allergen in transgenic soybeans. New England Journal of Medicine 334: 688-692.

Oberbauer, S. F., D. B. Clark, D. A. Clark, P. M. Rich & G. Vega. 1993. Light environment, gas exchange, and annual growth of saplings of three species of rain forest trees in Costa Rica. Journal of Tropical Ecology 9: 511-523. -- Lecythis ampla was one of the species studied.

Odani, S. & S. Odani. 1998. Isolation and primary structure of a methionine- and cystine-rich seed protein of Cannabis sativa. Bioscience Biotechnology & Biochemistry 62: 650-654. -- The complete amino acid sequence was identified by protein analysis, and had 20 mole% of amino acids containing sulfur. The protein was most similar to a methionine-rich protein of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and to Mabinlin IV, a sweetness-inducing protein of Capparis masaikai.

Okuda, T., T. Yoshida & T. Hatano. 1995. Fractionation of plant polyphenols. Chromatographic Science Series. Foucault, A. P.: Ed. Chromatographic Science Series 681995: 99-131. -- Species of Lecythidaceae were used in this study.

Oliveira-Filho, A. T. & M. Galetti. 1996. Seed predation of Cariniana estrellensis (Lecythidaceae) by black howler monkeys, Alouatta caraya. Primates 37: 87-90.

Ommen, A. M., J. K. Kelly, A. K. Benson, S. L. Hefle & S. L. Taylor. 1999. Characterization of 2S Brazil nut IgE-binding epitopes. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 103: S101.

Oommen, A., J. Kelly, A. Benson & S. Hefle. 2000. Identification of IgE-binding epitopes of the Brazil nut 2S albumin allergen. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 105: S134.

Oppenheimer, J. R. & G. E. Lang. 1969. Cebus monkeys: effect on branching of Gustavia trees. Science 165: 187-188.

Ormond, W. T., M. C. B. Pinheiro & A. R. Cortella De Castells. 1981. A contribution to the floral biology and reproductive system of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 68: 514-523.

Ormond, W. T., M. C. B. Pinheiro & A. R. Cortella De Castells. 1982. Contribution to biology study of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae) -- osmophores. Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, Bot. 65: 1-5, figs. 1-6.

Ormond, W. T., M. C. B. Pinheiro & I. M. D. Gonçalves. 1985. Estudos fenológicos em Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). Atas Soc. Bot. Brasil, Secç. Rio de Janeiro.

Ortiz, E. G. 1995. Survival in a nutshell, Américas, 7-17. -- A popular article about the Brazil nut.

Pal, B. C., T. Chaudhuri, K. Yoshikawa & S. Arihara. 1994. Saponins from Barringtonia acutangula. Phytochemistry (Oxford) 35: 1315-1318.

Palanakumbura, G. W. R. M. C., R. L. C. Wijesundera, S. A. Deraniyagala & A. S. Amarasekara. 1996. Antifungal activity of Barringtonia ceylanica bark extract. Journal of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka 24: 279-283.

Parameswaran, N. & H.-G. Richter. 1984. The ultrastructure of crystalliferous cells in some Lecythidaceae with a discussion of their terminology. I. A.W.A. Bull., N.S. 5: 229-236.

Pauwels, L. 1993. Nzayilu N'ti Guide des arbres et arbustes de la région de Kinshasa - Brazzaville. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise. -- Very fine illustrations of Petersianthus macrocarpus and Napoleonaea vogelii.

Payens, J. P. D. W. 1967. A monograph of the genus Barringtonia (Lecythidaceae). Blumea 15: 157-263.

Pereira, I. C. V. & S. L. L. Costa. 1981. Bibliografia de Castanha-do-Brasil. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Úmido., Brasília. -- A bibliography of articles on the Brazil nut. This is especially good for getting Portuguese published articles.

Pereira, L. A. F., C. H. Müller, A. A. Müller, F. J. C. Figueirêdo & D. A. C. Frazão. 1980. Escarificação mecânica e embebição na germinação de sementes de castanha-do-Brasil. EMBRAPA - Boletim de Pesquisa 10: 1-3. -- Mechanical scarification and imbibition of the Brazil nut.

Peres, C. A. 1991. Seed predation of Cariniana micrantha (Lecythidaceae) by brown capuchin monkeys in central Amazonia. Biotropica 23: 262-270.

Peres, C. A. & C. Baider. 1997. Seed dispersal, spatial distribution and population structure of Brazilnut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) in southeastern amazonia. J. Trop. Ecol. 13: 595-616.

Peres, C. A., C. Baider, P. A. Zuidema, L. H. O. Wadt, K. A. Kainer, D. A. P. Gomes-Silva, R. P. Salomão, L. L. Simões, E. R. N. Franciosi, F. C. Valverde, R. Gribel, G. H. Shepard, M. Kanashiro, P. Coventry, D. W. Yu, A. R. Watkinson & R. P. Freckleton. 2003. Demographic threats to the sustainability of Brazil nut exploitation. Science 302: 2112-2114. -- A very important paper that brings into question the sustainability of Brazil nut groves over long periods of time.

Peres, C. A., L. C. Schiesari & C. L. Dias-Leme. 1997. Vertebrate predation of Brazil-nuts (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae), an agouti-dispersed Amazonian seed crop: A test of the escape hypothesis. J. Trop. Ecol. 13: 69-79.

Perez, R., R. Condit, S. Aguilar, A. Hernandez & A. Villareal. 1995. Inventory of vegetation on Coiba Island, Panama: Composition and floristics. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44: 31-40. -- Eschweilera pittieri is one of the dominant species in the higher elevation forest of the island center.

Pernia, N. E. D. 1987. Cristales y silice en maderas dicotiledoneas de Latinoamerica. Pittiera 13-65.

Pettit, G. R., Q. W. Zhang, W. Pinilla, D. L. Herald, D. L. Boubek & J. A. Duke. 2004. Isolation and structure of gustastatin from the Brazilian nut tree Gustavia hexapetala. Journal of Natural Products 67: 983-985.

Phillipson, J. D. 1999. Radioligand-receptor binding assays in the search for bioactive principles from plants. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology 51: 493-503. -- Barringtonia edulis is mentioned in this study.

Pichon, M. 1945. Le genere Combretodendron et les Lécythidacées. Not. Syst. (Paris) 12: 192-197.

Pittier, H. 1908. The Lecythidaceae of Costa Rica. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 95-104.

Pittier, H. 1927. The Lecythidaceae of Central America. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 26: 1-14, Pls. 11-12.

Poiteau, A. P. 1825. Mémoires sur les Lécythidées. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 13: 141-164, t. 1-7. PDF.

Poorter, L. 1999. Growth responses of 15 rain-forest tree species to a light gradient: The relative importance of morphological and physiological traits. Functional Ecology 13: 396-410. -- The family Lecythidaceae is mentioned in this study.

Poorter, L. 2001. Light-dependent changes in biomass allocation and their importance for growth of rain forest tree species. Functional Ecology 15: 113-123. -- The family Lecythidaceae is mentioned in this study.

Poorter, L., S. F. Oberbauer & D. B. Clark. 1995. Leaf optical properties along a vertical gradient in a tropical rain forest canopy in Costa Rica. American Journal of Botany 82: 1257-1263. -- The family Lecythidaceae is mentioned in this study.

Poorter, L. & M. J. A. Werger. 1999. Light environment, sapling architecture, and leaf display in six rain forest tree species. American Journal of Botany 86: 1464-1473. -- The family Lecythidaceae is mentioned in this study.

Porter, D. M. 1996. With Humboldt, Wallace and Spruce at San Carlos de Rio Negro. Pages 52-63 in M. R. D. Seaward and S. M. D. Fitzgerald (eds.), Richard Spruce (1817-1893). Botanist and explorer. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. -- Quotes from Humboldt about their encounter with the Brazil nut tree.

Potgieter, M. J. & W. A. E. Van. 1992. Intercellular pectic protuberances in plants: Their structure and taxonomic significance. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica (Taipei) 33: 295-316. -- The family Lecythidaceae is cited in this study.

Prain, D. 1963. Bengal Plants. Vol. 1. Ranunculaceae-Salvadoraceae. Botanical Society of India, Calcutta. -- The Lecythidaceae are treated in this volume. Careya herbacea and Careya arborea are the only species mentioned.

Prakash, U., L. Vaidyanathan & P. P. Tripathi. 1994. Plant remains from the Tipam sandstones of Northeast India with remarks on the palaeoecology of the region during the miocene. Palaeontographica Abteilung B Palaeophytologie 231: 113-146. -- Barrintonioxylon deccanense is one of the plant remains in this fossil bed.

Prance, G. T. 1981. Three new species of Couratari (Lecythidaceae). Brittonia 33: 15-21.

Prance, G. T. 1996. A quarter of a century of The New York Botanical Garden. Brittonia 48: 379-385. Personal reflections are given on Iain Prance's 25 years at The New York Botanical Garden working on the taxonomy of the Chrysobalanaceae and Lecythidaceae, the flora of the Amazon region, and in latter years being responsible for directing the scientific program.

Prance, G. T. 1996. A contemporary botanist in the footsteps of Richard Spruce. Pages 94-121 in M. R. D. Seaward and S. M. D. Fitzgerald (eds.), Richard Spruce (1817-1893). Botanist and Explorer. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. -- Quotes Richard Spruce who states that he supposes that the Brazil nut tree is one of the loftiest in the Amazon Basin.

Prance, G. T. 2004. Napoleonaeaceae. Pages 282-284 in K. Kubitzki (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Prance, G. T. & A. B. Anderson. 1976. Two new species of Amazonian Lecythidaceae. Brittonia 28: 298-302. - Contains the descriptions of Cariniana penduliflora and Couratari atrovinosa and mention of pollination by Eulaema and Bombus.

Prance, G. T., J. M. Idrobo & O. V. Castaño-M. 1983. Mecanismos de polinizacion de Eschweilera garagarae Pittier en el Choco, Colombia. Mutisia 60: 1-7.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1978. Observations on the fruits and seeds of neotropical Lecythidaceae. Brittonia 30: 21-33.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1977. What is Lecythis? Taxon 26: 209-222.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma, & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1983. Dispersal and distribution of Lecythidaceae and Chrysobalanaceae. Sonderbd. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg 7: 163-186.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1985. Eschweilera mexicana (Lecythidaceae): a new family for the flora of Mexico. Brittonia 37: 347-351.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1987. Chapter XIII. Future research. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 156-163.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1991. Lecythidaceae. In: J. A. Rizzo, Flora do Estado de Goiás Coleção Rizzo. 13: 1-36.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 1998. Pollination and dispersal of neotropical Lecythidaceae. In: H. C. F. Hopkins, C. R. Huxley, C. M. Pannell & G. T. Prance (eds.), The biological monograph. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 2001. Lecythidaceae. Pages 1206-1210 in W. D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montie (eds.), Flora de Nicaragua. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Prance, G. T. & S. A. Mori. 2004. Lecythidaceae. Pages 221-232 in K. Kutbitski (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer-Verlag , Berlin , Heidelberg , New York.

Prance, G. T. & W. A. Rodrigues. 1976. Inventário florestal de um hectare de mata de terra firme km 30 da estrada Manaus-Itacoatiara. Acta Amazon. 6: 9-35. Lecythidaceae are dominant in the area of this study.

Pumphrey, R. S. H., P. B. Wilson, E. B. Faragher & S. R. Edwards. 1999. Specific immunoglobulin E to peanut, hazelnut and brazil nut in 731 patients: Similar patterns found at all ages. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 29: 1256-1259.

Raaimakers, D. & H. Lambers. 1996. Response to phosphorus supply of tropical tree seedlings: A comparison between a pioneer species Tapirira obtusa and a climax species Lecythis corrugata. New Phytologist 132: 97-102.

Rankin-De, M. J. M., G. T. Prance, R. W. Hutchings, M. F. D. Silva, W. A. Rodrigues & M. E. Uehling. 1992. Preliminary results of a large-scale tree inventory of upland rain forest in the central Amazon. Acta Amazonica 22: 493-534. -- Lecythidaceae are among one of the numerically most abundant families in this study.

Reis, G. G. D., J. E. U. D. Carvalho & C. H. Müller. 1979. Calibração do teste de tetrazólio em sementes de castanha-do-Brasil. EMBRAPA - Comunicado Técnico 17: 1-9.

Richter, H. G. 1982. The wood structure of Couratari and Couroupita Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). I.A.W.A. Bull., N.S. 3: 45-55.

Roosevelt, A., C. M. Lima Da Costa, D. Lopes Machado, M. Michab, N. Mercier, H. Valladas, J. Feathers, W. Barnett, M. Imazio Da Silveira, A. Henderson, J. Sliva, B. Chernoff, D. S. Reese, J. A. Holman, N. Toth & K. Schick. 1996. Paleoindian cave dwellers in the Amazon: the peopling of the Americas. Science 272: 373-384.Brazil nuts collected at Paleoindian site 11,000 years B.P. -- Brazil nuts collected at this site.

Rovira, I., A. Berkov, A. Parkinson, G. Tavakilian, S. Mori & B. Meurer-Grimes. 1999. Antimicrobial activity of neotropical wood and bark extracts. Pharmaceutical Biology 37: 208-215. -- Species of Lecythidaceae were included in this study.

Saalbach, I., T. Pickardt, F. Machemehl, G. Saalbach, O. Schieder & K. Muentz. 1994. A chimeric gene encoding the methionine-rich 2S albumin of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is stably expressed and inherited in transgenic legumes. Molecular & General Genetics 242: 226-236.

Saalbach, I., T. Pickardt, D. R. Waddell, S. Hillmer, O. Schieder & K. Muentz. 1995. The sulphur-rich Brazil nut 2S albumin is specifically formed in transgenic seeds of the grain legume Vicia narbonensis. Euphytica 85: 181-192.

Saalbach, G., M. Rosso & U. Schumann. 1996. The vacuolar targeting signal of the 2S albumin from Brazil nut resides at the C terminus and involves the C-terminal propeptide as an essential element. Plant Physiology (Rockville) 112: 975-985.

Salafsky, N., B. L. Dugelby & J. W. Terborgh. 1996. Can extractive reserves save the rain forest? An ecological and socioeconomic comparison of nontimber forest product extraction systems in Peten, Guatemala and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. (Reprinted from Conservation Biology vol. 7, pp. 39-52, 1993). Samson, F. B.: 285-301. -- The Brazil nut is mentioned in this article.

Salomão, R. D. P. 1991. Permanent quadrats for the study of forest vegetation: I. Municipality of Marabá, Pará State, Brazil. [Portuguese]. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Serie Botânica 7: 543-604. -- The greatest recorded DBH was 2.04 m for an individual of Bertholletia excelsa.

Salomão, R. D. P. 1991. Structure and density of Bertholletia excelsa H. and B. (Brazil nuts) in the regions of Carajas and Marabá, Pará State. [Portuguese]. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Serie Botanica 7: 47-68.

Samvatsar, S. & V. B. Diwanji. 2000. Plant sources for the treatment of jaundice in the tribals of Western Madhya Pradesh of India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73: 313-316. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this study.

Santos, J. C. D., S. A. Veiga, C. P. D. S. Sa, L. H. D. O. Wadt, G. C. D. Nascimento & M. R. D. S. Silva. 2002. Estimativa de custo de coleta e rentabilidade para sistema extrativo de castanha-do-Brasil no Acre, safra 2001/2002. Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuário e Abastecimento. Comunicado Técnico 156: 1-4.

Schoenberg, M. M. 1983. Carpologia de Couroupita guianensis Aublet (Lecythidaceae). I - morfologia e classificação. Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 12: 43-77. -- Morphology and classification of the cannon-ball tree.

Schoenberg, M. M. 1983. Carpologia de Couroupita guianensis Aublet (Lecythidaceae). II - anatomia. Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba 12: 79-123. -- Anatomy of the fruit of the cannon-ball tree.

Schoenberg, M. M. 1983. Carpologia de Couroupita guianensis Aublet (Lecythidaceae). III - filogenia. Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba III: 125-135. -- Phylogeny of the Lecythidaceae.

Schönenberger, J., A. A. Anderberg & K. J. Systsma. 2005. Molecular phylogenetics and patterns of flora evolution. Int. J. Plant Sci 166: 000-000. -- The systematic position of the Lecythidaceae in the Ericales is not resolved.

Schöngart, J., M. T. F. Piedade, S. Ludwigshausen, V. Horna & M. Worbes. 2002. Phenology and stem-growth periodicity of tree species in Amazonian floodplan forests. J. Trop. Ecol. 18: 581-597. -- Gustavia augusta and Eschweilera ovalifolia are mentioned in this article.

Schroth, G., W. G. Teixeira, R. Seixas, D. S. L. Ferreira, M. Schaller, J. L. V. Macedo & W. Zech. 2000. Effect of five tree crops and a cover crop in multi-strata agroforestry at two fertilization levels on soil fertility and soil solution chemistry in central Amazonia. Plant & Soil 221: 143-156. -- The Brazil nut was one of the plants studied.

Shah, K. & Y. J. Thanki. 1998. Comparative nodal anatomy of some taxa of Myrtaceae. Journal of Phytological Research 11: 57-59.The nodal anatomy of nine species of Myrtaceae was studied. The node is unilacunar single trace except in Barringtonia acutangula with unilacunar three trace nodes. Cortical vascular strands, which are reported in the node of B. acutangula and Couroupita guianensis, contribute to leaf vasculature only in B. acutangula.

Shetty, S. & R. Ahmad. 1993. Succession of mycoflora on leaf litter of Careya arborea Roxb., Terminalia paniculata Roth, Grewia microcos Linn. and Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Theob. in Kaiga forest. Journal of Phytological Research 6: 19-24.

Sicherer, S. H. & H. A. Sampson. 2000. Peanut and tree nut allergy. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 12: 567-573. -- The Brazil nut was one of the plants studied.

Silva, A. S. L. D., P. L. B. Lisboa & U. N. Maciel. 1992. Floristic diversity and structure in the dense forests of the Jurua river basin. [Portuguese]. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Serie Botanica 8: 203-258. -- Lecythidaceae, and, in particular, species of Eschweilera were common in the area of this study.

Silva, S. C., J. N. D. Oliveira & E. D. Caldas. 1996. Aflatoxins in food samples commercialized in the Federal district area from 1985 to 1995. [Portuguese]. Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz 56: 49-52. -- The Brazil nut was one of the species studied.

Silva Barbosa, M. M. & W. T. Lellis. 1974. Ensaio sobre germinação da Castanha do Pará. B. IBB Salvador 13: 100-106. -- A study of the germination of the Brazil nut.

Smith, N. J. H. 1996. Relevance of Spruce's work to conservation and management. Pages 230-232 in M. R. D. Seaward and S. M. D. Fitzgerald (eds.), Spruce (1817-1893). Botanist and Explorer. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. -- Discusses how ranchers are trying to establish Brazil nut plantations. Points out that embellishing Brazil nut stands is not a recent phenomenon . Spruce, for example, indicates that Jesuits planted Brazil nut at Tauaú along the Acará River in Pará. Ancient groves of Brazil nut can be seen around various towns and villages in Amazonia today, such as Acará on the river of the same name, not far from the site visited by Spruce in the last century. Spruce also remarks that agoutis, pacas, and monkeys eat Brazil nuts; the agoutis are known to be dispersal agents for this forest giant.

Soares, S. D. de, A. Santos Pereira, J. A. Cabral, C. A. Cid Ferreira & A. N. F. de Radler. 2000. Systematic study of high molecular weight compounds in Amazonian plants by high temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung C-A Journal of Biosciences 55: 175-179.

Souza Dias, D. P. D. 1967. Polinização da castanheira do Pará por agentes naturais. Primeira Conferência Nacional da Castanha do Pará. -- A xeroxed copy of a written report. The report is an outline of planned research. Most interesting point made is that the Brazil nut flowers for only three months of the year.

Spichiger, R., P.-A. Loizeau, C. Latour & G. Barriera. 1996. Tree species richness of a South-Western Amazonian forest (Jenaro Herrera, Peru, 73 degrees 40 minutes W/4 degrees 54 minutes S). Candollea 51: 559-577. -- Lecythidaceae are among the most important families in this study.

Spruce, R. 1850. Botanical excursion on the Amazon. J. Bot. (Hooker) 2: 74. -- In reference to the Brazil nut, Spruce states "The bark, beaten as in the accompanying specimens, is used at Para, along with Breo branco for caulking ships." He also measured a Brazil nut tree 14 yards in circumference at the base. He states that it must have arisen to 100 ft before putting out a single branch. That is 1.6 meter in diameter.

Spruce, R. 1970. Notes of a botanist on the Amazon & Andes. Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York and London. -- On pages 357-358 he Spruce says "perhaps the noblest tree of the Amazon region," and notes that the Brazil nut is found throughout the Amazon Basin.

Steiner, W. E., K. Brunschweiler, E. Leimbacher & R. Schneider. 1992. Aflatoxins and fluorescence in Brazil nuts and pistachio nuts. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 40: 2453-2457.

SUDAM. 1976. Estudos e Pesquisas sobre a Castanha do Pará. Ministerio do Interior. Superintendência do Desenvolvimento da Amazônia, Belém.

Tabarelli, M. & W. Mantovani. 1996. Remoção de sementes de Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) por animais em uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia central, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Biol. 56: 755-760.

Tanaka, N. 2004. Pollination of Barringtonia racemosa (Lecythidaceae) by moths on Iriomote Island, Japan. Ann. Tsukuba Bot. Gard. 23: 17-20.

Tavakilian, G., A. Berkov, B. Meurer-Grimes & S. A. Mori. 1997. Neotropical tree species and their faunas of xylophagous longicorns (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in French Guiana. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 63: 303-355.

Terborgh, J. & E. Andresen. 1998. The composition of Amazonian forests: Patterns at local and regional scales. Journal of Tropical Ecology 14: 645-664. -- The authors state, "The forests of western Amazonia are particularly rich in palms, Moraceae, and Myristicaceae, whereas those of eastern Amazonia and the Guianas are rich in Lecythidaceae and Chrysobalanaceae."

Terborgh, J., E. Losos, M. P. Riley & M. B. Riley. 1993. Predation by vertebrates and invertebrates on the seeds of five canopy tree species of an Amazonian forest. Vegetatio 107-108: 375-386. -- Bertholletia excelsa was one of the species studied.

Teuber, S. S., A. M. Dandekar, W. R. Peterson & C. L. Sellers. 1998. Cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding a 2S albumin seed storage protein precursor from English walnut (Juglans regia), a major food allergen. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 101: 807-814. -- The protein content of the walnut was compared with that of the Brazil nut.

Teuber, S. S., A. M. Dandekar, W. R. Peterson & S. L. Uratsu. 1996. Cloning and sequencing of a walnut (Juglans regia) food allergen and its sequence similarity with other seed storage proteins. Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology 97: 241. -- One of the species compared with the walnut was the Brazil nut.

Thomas, G. & T. V. Fernandez. 1997. Incidence of heavy metals in the mangrove flora and sediments in Kerala, India. Hydrobiologia 352: 5, 1997. -- High levels of Fe, Mn and Co were observed in Barringtonia racemosa.

Thompson, J. M. 1921. I. -- Studies in floral morphology. II. The staminal zygomorphy of Couroupita guianensis, Aubl. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin.

Thompson, J. M. 1927. A study in advancing gigantism with staminal sterility with special reference to the Lecythidaceae. Publ. Hartley Bot. Lab. 4: 5-44.

Thonner, F. 1962 (reprint). The flowering plants of Africa. J. Cramer. -- Includes key to genera Foetidia, Napoleonaea, Petersia, and Barringtonia.

Townsend, J. A. & L. A. Thomas. 1994. Factors which influence the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - Supplement 0: 78. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this article.

Trivedi, M. R., F. H. Cornejo & A. R. Watkinson. 2004. Seed predation on Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) by macaws (Psittacidae) in Madre de Dios, Peru. Biotropica 36: 118-122.

Trucksess, M. W., M. E. Stack, S. Nesheim, R. H. Albert & T. R. Romer. 1994. Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B-1, B-2, G-1, and G-2 in corn, almonds, Brazil nuts, peanuts, and pistachio nuts: Collaborative study. Journal of AOAC International 77: 1512-1521.

Tsou, C.-H. 1993. Applications of comparative embryology to plant taxonomy - taking the Lecythidaceae as an example. Inst. Bot., Acad. Sin. Monogr. Ser. 13: 293-302.

Tsou, C.-H. 1994. The classification and evolution of pollen types of Planchonioideae (Lecythidaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 189: 15-27.

Tsou, C.-H. 1994. The embryology, reproductive morphology, and systematics of Lecythidaceae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 71: 1-110.

Tsou, Chih-Hua & S. A. Mori. 2002. Seed coat anatomy and its relationship to seed dispersal in subfamily Lecythidoideae of the Lecythidaceae (the Brazil nut family). Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinicia 43: 37-56.

Tu, H. M., L. W. Godfrey & S. M. Sun. 1994. Expression of the Brazil nut methionine-rich protein in transgenic potato plants. Biotechnology in Agriculture Belknap: 209-220.

Tu, H. M. & S. S. M. Sun. 1996. Generation of a combination of mutations by use of multiple mutagenic oligonucleotides. Biotechniques 20: 352, 354. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this article.

Tyree, M. T., V. Velez & J. W. Dalling. 1998. Growth dynamics of root and shoot hydraulic conductance in seedlings of five neotropical tree species: Scaling to show possible adaptation to differing light regimes. Oecologia 114: 293-298. -- Gustavia superba was one of the species studied.

Valle, F. L. & G. T. Prance. 1998. Species richness and floristic composition in four hectares in the Jau National Park in upland forests in Central Amazonia. Biodiversity & Conservation 7: 1349-1364. -- Lecythidaceae is among the most dominant families in this forest.

Vallilo, M. I., M. Tavares, S. Aued-Pimentel, N. C. Campos & J. M. M. Neto. 1999. Lecythis pisonis Camb. nuts: Oil characterization, fatty acids and minerals. Food Chemistry 66: 197-200.

Vallilo, M. I., M. Tavares, S. A. Pimentel, E. S. G. Badolato & E. I. Inomata. 1998. Partial chemical characterization of Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Sapucaia). [Portuguese]. Acta Amazonica 28: 131-140.

Van Roosmalen, M. G. M., R. A. Mittermeier & K. Milton. 1981. The bearded sakis, genus Chiropotes. Pages 419-441 in A. F. Coimbra-Filho and R. A. Mittermeier (eds.), Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro. -- Bearded saki monkeys prey on Couratari oblongifolia, Couratari stellata, Eschweilera corrugata [= Lecythis corrugata], Lecythis corrugata, Eschweilera congestiflora, Eschweilera chartacea [= Lecythis chartacea], Eschweilera poiteaui [= Lecythis poiteaui], Eschweilera simiorum, Gustavia hexapetala, and Lecythis davisii [= Lecythis zabucajo].

Vander, W. C., H. W. Sherwin & N. W. Pammenter. 2000. Xylem hydraulic characteristics of subtropical trees from contrasting habitats grown under identical environmental conditions. New Phytologist 145: 51-59. -- Barringtonia racemosa was one of the species studied.

Venkatachala, B. S. & H. K. Maheshwari. 1995. Palaeobotany. Johri, B. M. (ed.), Botany in India: 445-463. -- Lecythidaceae are among the species mentioned in this article.

Venkateswarlu, J. 1952. Embryological studies in Lecythidaceae - I. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 31: 103-116.

Vieira Lima Junior, M. D. J. 1992. Fenologia de cinco espécies de Lecythidaceae na Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus, AM, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Fundação Universidade do Amazonas, Manaus.

Vincentz, M., A. Leite, G. Neshich, G. Vriend, C. Mattar, L. Barros, D. Weinberg, E. R. D. Almeida, M. P. D. Carvalho, F. Aragao & E. S. Gander. 1997. ACGT and vicilin core sequences in a promoter domain required for seed-specific expression of a 2S storage protein gene are recognized by the opaque-2 regulatory protein. Plant Molecular Biology 34: 879-889. -- The Brazil nut is the species studied.

Waddell, D. R., I. Saalbach, T. Pickardt, D. Enneking, J. Fleckenstein, E. Schnug & K. Muentz. 1997. Effect of over-expression of a sulphur-rich 2S albumin on the sulphur metabolism of seeds in transgenic Vicia narbonensis. Plant Physiology (Rockville) 114: 302. -- The Brazil nut is mentioned in this study.

Waddell, D. R., I. Saalbach, T. Pickardt, F. Machemehl, S. Hillmer, O. Schieder & K. Muentz. 1994. Seed-specific expression of the sulfur-rich Brazil nut 2S albumin in transgenic Vicia narbonensis plants. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - Supplement 0: 108.

Wadt, L. H. O., K. A. Kainer & D. A. P. Gomes-Silva. 2005. Population structure and nut yield of a Bertholletia excelsa stand in southwestern Amazonia. Forest Ecol. Managem. 211: 371-384. -- In this study, Brazil nut trees were not clearly aggregatted in the forest but they were not randomly distributed either. This study does not support the existence of Brazil nut groves of 50 to several hundred trees separated from similar clusters by great distances. Brazil nut production is positively correlated with DBH and crown form, but negatively correlated with liana load.

Weber, A. 1986. The nocturnal splendour of Barringtonia. Nature Malaysiana 11: 24-31.

Welle, B. T. 1976. Silica grains in woody plants of the Neotropics, especially Surinam. Leiden Bot. Ser. 3: 107-142 -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this study.

White, L. & K. Abernethy. 1007. A guide to the vegetation of the Lopé Reserve. Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York. -- Napoleonaea vogelii and Petersianthus macrocarpus are described in this study.

Whitmore, T. C. 1974. Abdulmajidia, a new genus of Lecythidaceae from Malaysia. Kew Bull. 29: 207-211.

Whittaker, R. J. & S. H. Jones. 1994. The role of frugivorous bats and birds in the rebuilding of a tropical forest ecosystem, Krakatau, Indonesia. J. Biogeogr. 21: 245-258. -- Barringtonia asiatica is mentioned in this study.

Williams, P. H., G. T. Prance, C. J. Humphries & K. S. Edwards. 1996. Promise and problems in applying quantitative complementary areas for representing the diversity of some neotropical plants (families Dichapetalaceae, Lecythidaceae, Caryocaraceae, Chrysobalanaceae and Proteaceae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58: 125-157.

Williams, P. R. 1998. Post fire regeneration of tree seedlings in a revegetation site at Townsville, north Queensland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 107: 11, 1998. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this study.

Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery. 1958. Lecythidaceae. Flora of Panama 45(1): 115-136.

Worbes, M. & W. J. Junk. 1999. How old are tropical trees? The persistence of a myth. IAWA Journal 20: 255-260. -- The ages of Cariniana micrantha and C. legalis are mentioned in this study.

Xavier, J. J. B. N., A. I. L. Do, A. M. Imakawa, O. M. Z. L. De, M. R. R. De, M. E. A. Elias & J. C. Correa. 1995. Floristic characterization in terra firme soils in Varzea, Iranduba, Amazona. [Portuguese]. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi Serie Botanica 11: 153-172. -- Lecythidaceae are mentioned in this study.

Yang, S.-W., B.-N. Zhou, J. H. Wisse, R. Evans, H. Van Der Werff, J. S. Miller & D. G. I. Kingston. 1990. Three new ellagic acid derivatives from the bark of Eschweilera coriacea from the Suriname rainforest. J. Nat. Prod 61: 901-906.

Yarsick, S., N. X. De-Enrech, N. Ramirez & G. Agostini. 1986. Notes on the floral biology of Couroupita guianensis Aubl. (Lecythidaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73: 99-101.

You, L.-R. X. M., L.-J. Qu, X.-W. Liang, H.-Y. Gu & H.-L. Chen. 1995. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a gene encoding rice 10 kD prolamin. [Chinese]. Acta Botanica Sinica 37: 507-513. -- Information about the Brazil nut is presented in this paper.

Young, W. J. 1911. The Brazil nut. Botanical Gazette 52: 226-231.

Yumoto, T. 1999. Seed dispersal by Salvin's curassow, Mitu salvini (Cracidae), in a tropical forest of Colombia: Direct measurements of dispersal distance. Biotropica 31: 654-660. -- Seeds of species of Lecythidaceae are consumed by this currasow, but no seeds were found in its feces.

Zeeuw, C. de & S. A. Mori. 1987. Chapter IX. Wood anatomy. In: S. A. Mori & Collaborators, The Lecythidaceae of a lowland Neotropical forest: La Fumée Mountain, French Guiana. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 44: 100-112.

Zhu, H. 1994. Floristic relationships between dipterocarp forest of Xishuangbanna and forests of tropical Asia and S China. [Chinese]. Acta Botanica Yunnanica 16: 97-106. -- Barringtonia is mentioned in this study.

Zuidema, P. A. 2003. Ecology and management of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa). PROMAB, Riberalta, Boliva.

Zuidema, P. A. & R. G. A. Boot. 2002. Demography of the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) in the Bolivia Amazon: impact of seed extraction on recruitment and population dynamics. J. Trop. Ecol. 18: 1-31.

Zuo, W.-N. & S. S. M. Sun. 1996. Purification and characterization of the methionine-Rich 2S seed proteins from the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae). Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 44: 1206-1210.

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