Lomariopsis japurensis (Mart.) J. Sm.
Lomariopsis japurensis (Mart.) J. Sm., Hist. Fil. 140. 1875. Acrostichum japurensis Mart., Icon. Pl. Crypt. 86, t. 24. 1834. Olfersia japurensis (Mart.) C. Presl, Tent. Pterid. 234. 1836. Stenochlaena japurensis (Mart.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Indies 676. 1864. TYPE: COLOMBIA . Vaupés: Río Japurá, s.d., Martius s.n. (HOLOTYPE: M?-n.v.; ISOTYPE: L, PHOTOS: GH , NY , US ex L).
Lomariopsis phlebodes (Kunze) Fée, Mém. Foug. 2: 66. 1845. Acrostichum phlebodes Kunze, Linnaea 9: 33. 1835. TYPE: PERU . Loreto: Maynas, s.d., Poeppig 2326 (HOLOTYPE: LZ-destroyed; ISOTYPE: B?; fragm. NY ex V).
Rhizome scales 2—10 mm long (2—5 mm long in Mesoamerica and South America on the western side of the Andes; 4.5—10 mm long elsewhere), dark brown to black, narrowly lanceolate to linear, entire to sparsely ciliate, somewhat spreading or (in Mesoamerica and western Andes) mostly apressed . Leaves up to 105 cm long; petioles 8—30 cm long, 1/10—1/4 the length of the laminae; laminae reduced toward the base or (in the Guianas) only slightly so; pinnae 14—22 ´ 2.8—5 cm, pairs (6—)8—12(—16), alternate to subopposite, patent, lanceolate to oblong, entire, the base broadly rounded to cuneate, occasionally excavate basiscopically, sessile or short-stalked, the stalks (when present) to 3 mm long, the apices acuminate; rachises not alate . Fertile pinnae 1—2 cm wide; paraphyses usually present, when present consisting of branched hair-like scales; annular cells 12—15; spores smooth, very pale yellowish. n =41 ( Walker , 1985).
Distribution and habitat.—Lomariopsis japurensis is the most widespread species in the Neotropics, occuring from Guatemala to the Guianas and Bolivia (Fig. 7). It grows in wet forests, from 0 to 700 m.
Lomariopsis japurensis can be distinguished from the other American species by rhizome scales that are dark brown to blackish and narrowly lanceolate to linear. See L. marginata, L. nigropaleata , and L. preiuriana for comparisons with those species.
Lomariopsis japurensis varies geographically in the degree of lamina base reduction and length of the rhizome scales. In Mesoamerica and Amazonia , the base of the lamina is reduced with the basal pinnae usually less than one-third the length of the longest medial ones (Fig. 6C—F). The reduced basal pinnae are often broadly elliptic. Plants from the Guianas tend to have less reduced laminae with the basal pinnae usually more than half the length of the longest medial ones (Fig. 6A,B). As to rhizome scales, plants from Mesoamerica and the western side of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador have rhizome scales 1—5 mm long, whereas those from Amazonia and the Guianas measure 4.5—10 mm long. Thus, plants from the three regions— Mesoamerica and the western Andes , Amazonia , and the Guianas—have distinctive characteristics, but because no other morphological characteristic correlates, they are all considered part of a single, variable species.
Stork 1194 (UC) ( Costa Rica . Limón: Bananito, 30 m) is probably a hybrid between Lomariopsis japurensis and L. vestita , as suggested by its several intermediate characteristics. The pinnae are intermediate in size, shape, and number (ca. 19 pairs) between those of the two putative parents. Its rhizome scales are blackish like those of L. japurensis , but the petiole is winged distally like that of L. vestita . The lamina tapers gradually toward the base and resembles that of L. vestita . Although the specimen has a fertile leaf, the sporangia are too young to determine whether the spores are aborted. If this plant is a hybrid, then it represents a cross between the "japurensis" and "sorbifolia" groups of Lomariopsis .
Lomariopsis japurensis apparently also hybridizes with L. nigropaleata as evinced by one specimen from Ecuador (Napo: Parque Nacional Yasuní, Km 51 on oil Rd. starting at Pompeya, ca. 0.5 km S of Río Bogi, 0º44'S, 76º29'W, 200 m, 14 Apr 1996, Moran et al. 6160 , AAU, NY, QCA, QCNE, TUR). This specimen has the lamina reduced toward the base as in L. japurensis , but small appressed scales as in L. nigropaleata . The fertile fronds on the specimen are too young to determine whether the spores are aborted.
Selected specimens examined . Belize . Toledo Dist., vic. of San José, 6.7 mi N of Columbia Forest Station, Croat 24393 (MO); Toledo Dist., Columbia Forest Reserve, 6 mi S of Cabro, upper Río Grande drainage area, 300 m, Proctor 36095 (BM); Banana bank, vic. of Cockscomb, Schipp 107 (F).
Guatemala . Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Sep 1901, von Türckheim 425 (P), 8043 (NY, US). Petén: Dolores, Km 77 on Santo Toribio rd., Contreras 2271 (US); La Cumbre, on Pusila Rd., 17 Aug 1976, Lundell & Contreras 20199 (NY).
Honduras . Atlántida: Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20—600 m, Ames 94 (US), Standley 54172 (F, US), 55597 (US); Ceiba, 110 m, 21 Jan 1917, Dyer A230a (NY, US). Colón: Clawra, Spinden 50 (US). Prov. Unknown: Cerros Peña Blanca, Gómez 6858 (CR).
NIC AR AGUA. Zelaya : 12 km E of Rosita, near Río Ocunhuas, Neill 4481 (CR).
Costa Rica . Cartago: Turrialba, 600 m, 24-26 Apr 1906, Maxon 184 (NY, US); along Río Indio de Gatun, ca. 0 m, Maxon 4819 (US), Feb 1911, 4823 (GH, NY, US); near Turrialba, slope of the Río Reventazón, behind Inst. Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas, 600 m, 23 Mar 1967, Mickel 2110 (NY). Heredia: Finca La Selva, OTS field station, Grayum 2560 (MO); Río Puerto Viejo at the junction with the Sarapiquí, 100 m, Scamman 7491 (GH), 8034 (GH). Limón: Cantón de Talamanca, camp by the Río Lari, 9°26'N, 83°03'W, 300 m, Bittner 1357 (B); La Lola, near Río Madre de Dios, Scamman 7181 (GH, US). Puntarenas: Carara Reserve, between guard station and Quebrada Bonita, 9°47'N, 84°36'W, 40 m, Grayum & Warner 5713 (CR, F, MO, UC, US); Golfito, Playa Cacao, 8°37'N, 83°11'W, 70 m, Herrera 7138 (CR); Corcovado Natl. Park, 8°29'N, 83°36'W, 10-50 m, Kernan 741 (CR), Merz 415 (CR), 552 (CR); Cantón de Golfito, Valle de Coto Colorado, 8°37'N, 83°11'W, 50—130 m, Rojas 1170 (CR); Cabagra, Tonduz 6553 (CR, US).
Panama . Bocas del Toro: Boca Chica, Correa A. et al. 3596 (US); orillas del Changuinola, Corriente Grande, Correa A. et al. 3910 (US); near Laguna de Chiriquí, Hart 45 (US). Canal Area: near Frijoles, Killip 2905 (US); near Topía River , Killip 2900 (US). Chiriquí: Burica Peninsula, 8 km W of Puerto Armuelles, 50—150 m, Croat 21952 (MO, US). Darién: Cana, 480 m, Croat 38016 (MO).
Trinidad . Maracas waterfall, 10 Apr 1920, Britton et al. 1652 (K, NY, US); without exact locality, 1877-1880, Fendler 106 , pro parte (C, B, G, GH, MO, NY, P, UC, US); Turure Ward, Mt. Harris, off Cunapo Southern Rd., 120 m, 30 Jul 1963, Jermy 2561 (NY); Aripo Cave trail, 600 m, 9 Jul 1984, Mickel 9531 (NY).
French Guiana . Rivière Kourouaï, 4°15'N, 51°58'W, 1 m, Billiet & Jadin 5842 (MO); Saül, Monts La Fumée, 3°37'N, 53°12'W, 200—400 m, 4 Oct 1982, Boom & Mori 1853 (NY), 14 Oct 1982, 2089 (NY); Montagne de l'Inini, extrèmité NW, 3°30'40"N, 53°36'W, 670 m, 14 Aug 1985, Cremers 8895 (NY, Z); Haute Crique Nouciri, affleunt de l'Oypaock N Camopi, Inselberg ENE du Grand Croissant, Cremers 8294 (Z); Bassin de l'Oyapock, Crique Gabaret, 3°55'N, 51°48'W, 5 m, Cremers 9880 (Z); village Boni de Loca, Bassin du Maroni, Lawa, 3°50'N, 54°12'W, 1 May 1986, Fleury 195 (NY, US); Régina, E plateau of Mt. Tortue, 11 km WNW of Approuague River, 4°18'N, 52°22'W, 200-450 m, 12 Jun 1988, Feuillet 9946 (NY); Tumuc Humac, near Surinam border, de Granville 1487 (P, U); Montagne de la Trinité, sommet NE, 120 m, 6 Feb 1984, de Granville 6576 (B, G, U, US, Z); Mt. Galbao, 3°37'N, 53°17'W, 180 m, de Granville 8473 (B); Saul, Route de Bélizon, N of Eaux Claires, 3°37'N, 53°12'W, 23 Sep 1995, Heald & Yahr 42 (NY); Bassin du Sinnamary, 5°13'N, 52°57'W, 5 m, Hoff et al. 165 (Z); Saül, Mt. Galbao trail to Cambrouze, 3°37'N, 53°12'W, 200—300 m, 15 Sep 1989, Mori et al. 20924 (NY); Maripa, 8 May 1985, Sauvain 344 (B, NY); 1.5—2 km de Saül, Crique Limonade, Windisch 5258 (AAU).
Surinam . 2 km S of Juliana Top, 13 km N of Lucie River, 3°36'—41'N, 56°30'—34'W, 300 m, 11 Aug 1963, Irwin et al. 54689 (MO), 54692A (NY); Suriname River, Jandé-kreek, Feb 1954, Lindeman 4448 (MO, NY, U); Dist. Para, Lindeman 15288 (U); Jodensavanne-Mapanekreek area, Lindeman 5250 (US), Schulz 9900 (MO, U, Z); SE Suriname, Anapaike, upper Tapanahoni River, Terpstra 14 (U); Dist. Brokopondo, Suriname River, S of Kabelstation, van Donselaar 1090 (U); near airport on Olelemari River, 3°6'N, 54°33'W, Wessels Boer 1033 (U).
Guyana . Coyorunie Creek, Appun 179 (K); NW Kanuku Mts., tributary of Nappi creek, 3°23'N, 59°30'W, 150-200 m, 14 Feb 1993, Hoffman 3779 (NY); Demerara River, Jenman s.n . (K); Mt. Raywa, Jenman s.n. (K); Potaro River, Jenman 1462 (K); Essequibo River, Jenman s.n. (K); Kartabu Point, Cuyuni River, 5 Aug 1933, Mell & Mell 204 (NY, US); Río Cuyuni, Absaio Landing, Richards 819 (K).
Venezuela . Amazonas: Depto. Río Negro, 1.5 km E of Cerro de La Neblina Base Camp on Río Mawarinuma, 0°50'N, 66°10'W, 2-3 Dec 1984, Liesner 17449 (MO, NY, UC, US). Apure: Distr. Paéz, 25 km by car E of El Nula, 7°14'N, 71°45'W, van der Werff & González 4690 (MO). Bolívar : Quebrrada Acarabisi, limites con la Zona de Reclamación, Aymard et al. 951 (UC), 959 (UC), 961 (Z); limites con el Territorio Federal Delta Amacuro, 36 km NW de El Palmar, 8°25'N, 62°0'W, 350 m, 11 Mar 1987, Aymard C. 5248 (AAU, MO, NY, UC); Río Tonoro, arriba de la quebrada del Tueno 6°4'N, 63°42'W, 175 m, Stergios 10405 (MO); campamento Las Pavas, Salto Para, Río Caura, ca. 6°10'N, 64°25'W, 230—280 m, Steyermark & Dunsterville 113095 (GH, MO). Delta Amacuro: Depto. Antonio Diaz, 12 km S de San José de Amacuro, 8°28'N, 60°27'W, 0 m, Feb 1987, Fernández 3912 (MO, NY, US), 3914 (MO, NY). Mérida: 15 km from El Vigía, 130 m, Vareschi & Pannier 1662 (US).
COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Mun. Leticia, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Trocha de Matamatá a Amacayacu, 3°47'S, 70°15'W, 100 m, Pipoly et al. 15228 (MO), Pipoly & Murillo 15482 (MO); Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Quebrade de Agua Pudre, 1.5 km NE de desembocadura sobre el Río Amacayacu, 3°47'S, 70°15'W, 200—220 m, Pipoly 16187 (MO); Río Caqueta, Monochoa, caserio Huitoto-Nipode, 25—30 km from Araraccuara, Sastre & Raichel D. 5031 (G). Antioquia: Bendix site, Río León, Cain 76 (US); Mun. Remedios, Sitio Otú, 3 km del Corregimiento Santa Isabel, Vereda Los Lagos, 11 km de Remedios, 6°56'N, 74°45'S, 820 m, 14 Jul 1987, Callejas et al. 4704 (MO, NY); Mun. Anorí, Corregimento de Providencia, Tirana Creek, 400—700 m, 24 Oct 1972, Soejarto 3476 (F, NY). Cauca: Río Micay, brazo Noanamito, El Chachajo, 2—5 m, Cuatrecasas 14245 (US). Chocó: Truando Falls, Schott 86 (F, NY). Magdalena: San Pablo, 8 Sep 1852, Holton 21 (K, NY); Santa Marta, 22 May 1898, H. H. Smith 2697 (K, NY). Sur de Santander: Magdalena Valley, between Sogamoso and Colorado Rivers, vic. of Barrancabermeja, 100—500 m, Haught 1331 (GH, UC, US). Valle: Río Calima, La Trojita, 5—50 m, Cuatrecasas 16381 (AAU, US). Vichada: la región de Amanaven, Río Guaviare, 250 m, Molina & Barkley s.n. (US).
Ecuador . Chimborazo: Huigra, Hacienda de Licay, 8 Sep 1918, Rose & Rose 22611 (GH, US); Sacramento District, SW part of province, 2°10'S, 79°W, 1100 m, Wiggins 11114 (US). Esmeraldas: Zapallo Grande, along Río Cayapa, 00°48'N, 78°54'W, 200 m, Barfod et al. 48125 (AAU); 35 km W of Quininde, Bilsa Biological Station, 0°21'N, 79°44'W, 400-600 m, 28 Mar-11 Apr 1995, Clark & Troya 595 (NY); Río Cayapa, Zapallo Grande, 00°48'N, 78°54'W, 100 m, Kvist & Asanza 40333 (AAU, MO); Río Bolborde, a tributary to Río San Miguel in the upper Cayapa River system, 0°40'N, 78°53'W, 300 m, Kvist et al. 48284 (AAU); Lita—San Lorenzo rd., 5.9 km from Lita, 7 Feb 1991, Moran & Rohrbach 5340 (MO). Los Rios: Cantón Vinces, Jauneche Forest, between Mocachi and Palenque on Estero Peñafiel, Dodson et al. 7099 (F, MO, US), 8786 (MO); Pichilingue Experimental Station Preserve, 75 m, 2 Aug 1962, Játiva & Epling 293 (NY, UC, US); Centinela ridge, 20 km E of Patricio Pilar, 600 m, van der Werff et al. 12393 (MO, QCNE). Morona-Santiago: trail along Río Inimkis, 3 km NE of Inimkis village toward foothills of Cordillera Cutucú, 2°23'S, 78°06'W, 900 m, Øllgaard & Navarrete 1451 (AAU). Napo: San Pablo de los Secoyas, 0°15'S, 76°21'W, 300 m, 17 Aug 1980, Asanza C. 32923 (AAU, MO), 5 Aug 1980, Brandbyge 32440 (AAU, MO, NY); Jatun Sacha Biological Station, 8 km E of Misahuallí, 1°04'S, 77°36'W, 400 m, Fay & Fay 2783 (MO, UC); Río Napo and Río Huambuno juction, 1°00'S, 77°30'W, 450 m, Marles EE52 (F, MO); Parque Nacional Yasuní, Río Tiputini, 0°4', 76°28'W, 200, 10 Apr 1996, Moran et al. 6021 (AAU, NY, TUR), 6061 (AAU, NY, TUR), 6098 (AAU, NY, TUR), 6133 (AAU, NY, TUR); 8 km rio abajo de Puerto Misahualli, por el Río Napo y 1.5 km S, 1°4'S, 77°36'W, 450 m, Palacios 452 (AAU, F, GH, K, MO, UC); upper Río Tiputini, 2 canoe-hours from bridge on Coca—Auca oilfield rd., 0°43'S, 76°57'W, 300 m, Øllgaard & Blasco 99049 (AAU). Pastaza: Ceilán, Pica from Ceilán to Río Cononaco on the N side of the Río Curaray, 1°36'S, 75°40'W, 200 m, Brandbyge & Asanza C. 31652 (AAU, MO); Chapetón on Río Bobonaza, Shiuna, N of river, 1°38'S, 77°42'W, 450 m, Øllgaard & Navarrete 1398 (AAU); Río Bobonaza, between Huagracachí and Cachitama, below Montalvo, 2°20'S, 76°43'W, 300 m, Øllgaard et al. 34608 (AAU), 34637 (AAU); oil exploration camp Chichirota, Río Bobonaza, 2°22'S, 76°40'W, 300 m, Øllgaard et al. 35267 (AAU, GH). Pichincha: 2 km W of Santo Domingo, 300 m, 30 Oct 1961, Cazalet & Pennington 5201 (B, K, NY, UC, US); Colorado community “Congoma Grande,” 23 km on the Santo Domingo—Puerto Limón rd., 00°21'S, 79°22'W, 100 m, Kvist 40163 (AAU); Kvist & Holm-Nielsen 40020 (AAU), 40223 (AAU), 40229 (AAU, MO); ca. 15 km from Santo Domingo, behind Brasilia a Toachi, along Río Toachi, 600 m, 12 Jan 1984, Moran 3549 (MO); Saguangal, Hda. Conquista, water catchment forest reserve 2 km S of Hacienda, 00°14'N, 78°47'W, 800 m, Øllgaard et al. 1080 (AAU, QCA), 1134 (AAU, QCA); Carretera Quito-Puerto Quito, 10 km al N de la carretera principal, Reserva Forestal ENDESA, 650—700 m, 00°05'N, 79°02'W, 15 Aug 1984, Rios et al. 63 (AAU, F, MO, NY). Morona-Santiago: Taisha, 500 m, 2 Feb 1962, Cazalet & Pennington 7642 (BM, NY, UC); Macuma, on the Macuma River, S of Chiquaza, 700 m, van der Werff 680 (U). Sucumbíos: Río Cuyabeno, 2 km upstream from Puerto Bolívar, 0°6'S, 76°10'W, 300 m, Brandbyge et al. 33683 (AAU, MO); Lagunas de Cuyabeno, 0°1'S, 76°11'W, Brandbyge et al. 36144 (AAU, MO); Cantón Aguarico, Parque Nacional Yasuní, Lagunas de Garza Cocha, 1°01'S, 75°47'W, 200 m, Cerón & Gallo 4915 (MO, UC), 5094 (MO, UC), 5096 (MO); Añangu, Río Napo, 0°31—32'S, 76°23'W, 260—350 m, Lawesson et al. 39511 (AAU); Lago Agrio Cantón, Reserva Cuyabeno, Río Aguarico, comunidad indígena Cofán del Zábalo, 230 m, 0°22'S, 75°45'W, 230 m, Palacios et al. 9522 (MO, UC).
Peru . Ayacucho: Río Apurimac Valley, near Kimpitriki, 400 m, 10-11 May 1929, Killip & Smith 22871 (NY, US). Cuzco: Prov. La Convención, Hacienda Luisiana, Apurimac River, 12°30'S, 73°40'W, 710 m, Dudley 11571 (GH). Huánuco: Tingo María, 760 m, Ellenberg 2374 (U), Stork & Horton 9472 (F, K, UC); Pachitea, Codo de Pozuzo, 9°40'S, 75°25'W, Foster 9376 (MO); Cucharas, cerca de Tingo María, 500 m, Woytkowski 1803 (GH). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Región Loreto, 73°16'W, 122 m, Flores 23 (AAU), 117 (AAU); Prov. Maynas, Yanamono Explorama Tourist Camp, 130 m, Gentry et al. 72192 (MO), 26 Jun 1984, Moran 3646 (AAU, MO, NY, UC), Pipoly et al. 13927 (MO), 30 Jul 1988, van der Werff et al. 9861 (F, NY), 9942 (MO, UC), 9949 (AAU, MO, UC); San Antonio, on Río Itaya, 110 m, 18 Sep 1929, Killip & Smith 29313 (US), 29525 (F, NY); Puerto Arturo, lower Río Huallaga below Yurimaguas, 135 m, 24-25 Aug 1929, Killip & Smith 27909 (NY, US); Soledad, Río Itaya, 110 m, 20-22 Sep 1929, Killip & Smith 29702 (K, NY, US); Santa Rosa, lower Río Huallaga below Yurimaguas, 135 m, 1-5 Sep 1929, Killip & Smith 28978 (NY, US); Prov. Loreto, Pampa Hermosa, Río Corrientes, 1 km S of jct. with Río Macusari, 3°15'S, 75°50'W, 160 m, Lewis et al. 10689 (MO); Gamitanacocha, Río Mazán, 100—125 m, 22 Feb 1935, Schunke V. 306 (F, GH, MO, NY, UC); Prov. Maynas, tourist lodge of Amazon Selva Tours at Río Momón, 3°40'S, 73°20'W, Tuomisto 2520 (TUR), 2598 (TUR); Prov. Maynas, Explorama Tours at Río Sucusari, 3°10'S, 72°52'W, Tuomisto et al. 5722 (TUR), 5725 (TUR), 5751 (TUR); Puerto Arturo, Williams 5262 (F). Madre de Dios: Prov. Tambopata, Tambopata Nature Reserve, 30 air km or 70—80 river km SSW of Puerto Maldonado, 12°49'S, 69°17'W, 260 m, 14 Apr 1980, Barbour 4766 (MO, NY); Tambopata Reserved Zone, 12°50'S, 69°17'W, 15 Mar 1988, Bell et al. 88-180 (US); Prov. Manu, Cerro de Pantiacolla, Río Palotoa, 10—15 km NNW of Shintuya, 71°18', 12°35'S, 650—700 m, Foster et al. 10756 (MO); Prov. Manu, Atalaya, Hacienda Amazonia, 2—3 km W of village, across Río Alto Madre, 12°55'S, 71°12'W, 500—600 m, Foster & Wachter 7439 (MO); Prov. Tambopata, Las Piedras, Cusco Amazónico, 12°29'S, 69°03'W, 200 m, Timaná & Jaramillo 2418 (MO), 2633 (MO), 2862 (MO), Timaná & Rubío 2059 (MO). San Martín: Prov. Mariscal Cáceres, Tocache Nuevo, quebrada de Cachiyacu, 600—700 m, Schunke V. 8518 (F, MO, UC). Ucayali: El Sacramento, 98 km S of Pucallpa, Ellenberg 2533 (U).
Bolivia . Beni: Prov. Ballivián, Km 35 on Yucumo—Rurrenabaque rd., Agricultural-Technical High School at Río Colorado, 14°15'S, 67°05'W, 235 m, Fay & Fay 2642 (LPB, MO, UC), 2674 (LPB, MO), 2693 (MO); Prov. Moxos, 15°10'S, 66°37'W, 260 m, Fay & Fay 2798 (LPB, MO, US); Prov. Yacuma, Beni Biosphere Reserve, El Gran Meandro, E of Río Maniqui, 20 km below San Borja, 17°47'S, 66°33'W, 250 m, Foster & Ribera 12309 (LPB); Prov. Vaca Diez, Riberalta 14 km sobre la carretera a La Paz y desviando 11.5 km hacia la Comunidad Berlin, de Michel & Capra 2488 (LPB); Prov. Yacuma, Estación Biológica Beni, 250 m, Moraes R. 1029 (LPB, MO); Prov. Ballivián, Km 38 carretera Yucumo a Rurrenabaque, terreno del Colegio Técnico Agropecuario en Río Colorado, 14°50'S, 67°05'W, 7-14 Apr 1989, D. N. Smith et al. 12884 (AAU, F, LPB, MO, NY, UC). Cochabamba: Prov. Carrasco, Projecto Valle del Sacta, 241 km W of Santa Cruz, 17°12'S, 64°43'W, 290 m, Fay & Fay 2342 (F, LPB, MO, UC, US); Prov. Chapare, Hotel el Puente, 2 km SE de Villa Tunari, 300 m, Kessler et al. 8413 (UC). La Paz: Alto Madidi, 13°35'S, 68°46'W, 280 m, Gentry & Estensoro 70517 (MO, UC); Prov. Franz Tamayo, 42 km W y 1 km N of Rurrenabaque, 14°25'S, 67°55'W, 330 m, Helme 210 (AAU); Prov. Abel Iturralde, Río San Antonio, 46 km de Ixiamas a Alto Madidi, 13°38'S, 68°26'W, 300 m, Kessler et al. 11101 (UC); Prov. J. Bautista Saavedra M., Pauji-Yuyo, entre Apolo y Charanzani, 15°03'S, 68°29'W, 900 m, Kessler et al. 10166 (UC). Pando: W bank of Río Madeira opposite Penha Colorada, 20 Nov 1968 , Prance et al. 8705 (NY). Santa Cruz: Prov. Ichilo, Santa Cruz 130 km NW linea recta, puente Río Yapacaní, 35 km hacia Puerto Grether, 250 m, Beck 6583 (F, LPB); Prov. Velasco, Los Fierros, 14°33'S, 60°55'W, 200 m, 20 Aug 1996, Jardim et al. 3338 (NY); Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboro, Quebrada Yapoje, above confluence with Río Saguayo, 17°34'S, 63°44'W, 400 m, 13 Dec 1989, Nee 38129 (NY); Prov. Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboro, 17°40'S, 63°44'W, 500 m, 19 Jan 1988, Nee 36000 (LPB, MO, NY); Río Japacani, 400 m, 9 Mar 1926, Steinbach 7502 (B, F, G, GH, K, MO, NY, S, U, US, Z).
Brazil . Acre : Mun. Canamar Amazona, N of Cruziero do Sul, downstream along Río Jurua, 7°37'S, 72°36'W, 150 m, Croat 62534 (MO, UC); Mun. Assis Brasil, basin of rio Purus, upper Rio Acre, Seringal São Francisco, 10°56'S, 69°45'W, 26 Mar 1998, Daly et al. 9817 (NY); Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Moa between Igarapé Iprianga and Aquidabã, 18 Apr 1971, Prance et al. 12055 (K, NY, UC); Rio Juruá between Mundurucus and Tatajuba, 13 May 1971, Maas et al. P12886 (NY, US), Prance et al. P12886 (UC). Amazônas: Rio Negro between Rio Branco and town of Moura , 11 Nov 1971 , Prance et al. 16273 (NY); Linda vista, Rio Purus, Traill 1394 (K); Rio Juruá, Ule 5757 (G). Mato Grosso: Matto do Curupira, Lindman 2991 (K); Pará—Matto Grosso border, Cachimbo hills, Cachimbo airfield, 400 m, Hemming 26 (K); Serra Ricardo Franco, 15°S, 60°W, 400 m, Windisch 1506 (AAU), 1897 (B, GH); Mun. de Jaurú, Ditto. de Taquaruçú, Rio Jaurú, 15°15'S, 58°45'W, 350 m, Windisch 6693 (AAU, US). Pará: BR 230, Transamazon Hwy., near EMBRAPA Station, at Km 23 on the Altamira-Itaituba rd., 30 Oct 1977, Berg & Prance BG767 (K, NY); Mun. Paragominas, Pará, 27 Oct-7 Nov 1929, Killip & Smith 30631 (NY, US); Serra dos Carajás, 8.5 km W of AMZA camp N-1 on the rd. to Rio Itacaiúnas, 5°59'S, 50°20'W, 250 m, 21 May 1987, Sperling et al. 5789 (GH, NY); Serra dos Carajás, 2 km W of camp ECB on the ferrovia, 47 km W of Rd. BR 150, 5°35'S, 49°15'W, 150 m, 28 Jun 1982, Sperling et al. 6388 (NY); cataractas of the Aripecurú River, Spruce 569 (K, P). Roraima: between Maitá (3°20'N, 63°24'W) and Paramiteri Indian village, 3°25'N, 63°3'W, 20 Feb 1971, Prance et al. 10637 (K, NY, UC); Rio Negro between Rio Branco and Moura, Prance et al. 16273 (K, NY).