Substrate and Hydrology: Rich mesic forest occurs on well-drained but moist circumneutral soils.

Biota: Native tree, shrub and herb diversity relatively high. The dominant trees are Liriodendron tulipifera, Fagus grandifolia, Betula lenta, Betula alleghaniensis, Quercus rubra, Prunus serotina, Quercus velutina, Fraxinus americana, Carya cordiformis, Acer saccharinum and Ulmus americana. The basswood, Tilia americana is present, but not common. Lindera benzoin, Viburnum acerifolium, Hamamelis virginiana, Acer pensylvanicum, Carpinus caroliniana, Ostrya virginiana, Cornus florida and Cornus alternifolia dominate the shrub layer. Composition of the herb layer appears to be largely determined by available water. The herb layer of drier areas (generally on slopes) is dominated by the fern Polystichum acrostichoides and Maianthemum canadense. Wildflowers in wetter areas include Smilacina racemosa, Polygonatum biflorum, Trillium erectum, Caulophyllum thalictroides, Cardamine diphylla, Arisaema triphyllum var. triphyllum, Thalictrum thalictroides, Sanguinaria canadense, Asarum canadense. The spring ephemeral, Hepatica americana is rare. Lianas include many fine specimens of Vitis aestivalis and a few isolated populations of Celastrus orbiculatus.

	Thalictrum thalictroides

Cultural: The terrain is either steep and rocky (unsuitable for agriculture) or it is level or gently sloping and was heavily used for crops and grazing. The uneven ages and large diameter of the trees on the steep slopes suggests that these areas have not been cleared in a very long time.