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It's been a long time since the last newsletter. Fortunately it is not an indicator of
lack of activity. Quite to the contrary, a lot has happened. Most significantly, the Flora project received its first significant funding, specifically for the project, from The John D.
and Catherine D. MacArthur Foundation. The grant permits Cuban botanists to come to The new York Botanical Garden
(with side trips to other herbaria) to prepare treatments for the Flora. More details are given below. Also, last summer, in Havana, there was a very successful botanical
congress. Also, beginning with this issue Tom Zanoni will continue his bibliography of West Indian botany that
he began in Moscosoa
. If you have information
that you would like conveyed to the participants in the project, please feel free to send it on, either to William
R. Buck or Thomas A. Zanoni, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A.
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation has funded a program to facilitate the study visits of Cuban botanists to The New York Botanical Garden for one year, beginning in the fall of 1993. The grant covers the travel, lodging, and food expenses for three groups of four botanists who will spend three months at New York Botanical garden each using the herbarium and the library in their work on preparation of manuscripts for the Flora of the Greater Antilles. Provision is made for time at the herbaria of Harvard University and the Smithsonian Institution, so that the botanists will be able to consult the specimens at the three institutions with the largest West Indian collections in the United States.
The first group is now in New York. They are Maira Fernández (Rubiaceae, HAC), Rosalina Berazaín (Ericales, HAJB), Carlos Sánchez (Hymenophyllaceae, HAJB), and Augusto Comas (Chlorococcales, Jardín Botánico de Cienfuegos). They arrived in mid-November and will be in New York until mid-February. A separate office has been renovated and set aside for the Cuba botanists. Their direct dial phone number at the office is 718-817-8642. The next group is scheduled to arrive at the beginning of March. They will be Deisi Reyes (Hepaticae, ACC-Santiago de Cuba), Armando Urquiola (Xyridales, Inst. Sup. Ped. Pinar del Río), Jorge Ferro (Orchidaceae, ACC-Pinar del Río), and Marta Díaz (Orchidaceae, HAJB).
The grant is flexible enough that if any of the botanists wishes to visit herbaria other than US or GH/FH, this is possible. For example, Rosalina Berazaín intends to visit FLAS, and Augusto Comas intends to visit several Puerto Rican herbaria.
Toward the end of the IV Simposio de Botánica, held in Havana at the end of June 1993, a meeting was convened of those interested in the Flora of the Greater Antilles. At that time we were able to announce the aforementioned grant from the MacArthur Foundation. There were also extensive discussions on how those in the United States could aid those in Cuba and the Dominican Republic prepare their treatments. The meeting was near the end of a very successful meeting. Hundreds of botanists were in attendance at the symposium, with especially large delegations from Mexico and Brazil, as will as from Cuba.
The Swedish Museum of Natural History's Regnellian Herbarium (part of S) is the home of two highly important collections of Caribbean plants, the herbaria of Olof Swartz and Erik L. Ekman. The Swartz herbarium was acquired by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences after the death of Swartz in 1818. It formed part of the collections which in 1819 became the Swedish Museum of Natural History. The Swartz herbarium included most of his personal collections. Swartz collected on the islands of Jamaica (specimens of there form the principal part of his Caribbean material), and Haiti (marked Hispaniola). He also visited Cuba and some smaller islands. On returning to Europe in 1786, he stopped in London to work in the herbarium of Joseph Banks (now in BN). During the time in London, Swartz studied other important Caribbean specimens and consulted Solander's unpublished ''Florula Indiae Occidentalis''. Swartz' ''Prodromus'' (1788) and the ''Flora Indiae Occidentalis'' (1797-1806) were the principal works resulting from the exploration and study of specimens. The Swartz herbarium in Stockholm forms the base for interpretation of Swartz' new taxa. Many of the type specimens are located there. Others are found in the herbarium of the Bergius Foundation (SBT) in Stockholm. Also, during the stay in London, Swartz gave Caribbean specimens to Banks, so that duplicates or even some originals, in some cases where only unicates existed, are in BM now.
In 1990, Bertil Nordenstam (S) and Thomas Zanoni (then of JBSD) initiated the Herbarium Swartz Project, pulling together the Swartz Project, pulling together the Swartz specimens at S and forming a type register of all taxa from the Caribbean published by Swartz or his successor J.E. Wikström. By early 1992, the types and other specimens marked as once belonging to Herb. Swartz have been set aside in a special part of the Regnellian Herbarium. Also set aside were Caribbean specimens of other collectors and worked on by Swartz (or Wikström), such as Forrström, Euphrasén, Freyseiss, West, and Ryan. Swartz had access to Caribbean specimens in other contemporary herbaria and these were undoubtedly influential in his studies. Montin's herbarium, particularly, contained specimens of Caribbean and South American taxa received from Joseph Banks in the late 1770's. Swartz himself freely gave away specimens to his compatriots, so that duplicates of Swartz' specimens are found in several herbaria, most of which are now in S.
The catalog of the herbarium of the Bergius Foundation (SBT) has been checked for Swartz specimens and the information integrated into the data base. A search of Herb. Banks at BM was made to locate types not found at S and SBT. The ''Flora of Jamaica'' by Fawcett and Rendle also provided information about Swartz' specimens (types and non-types) at BM. The French botanist L'Héritier, who was at Banks' herbarium during Swartz' visit, also received specimens from him. These specimens, now at Genève (G) will be examined for incorporation of data into the study. The expected results of the project are the history and bibliography of Swartz' Caribbean work, a type register of Swartz' taxa and taxa based on Swartz' specimens, and publication of a selection of the unpublished illustrations once intended for the continuation of Swartz' ''Icones Plantarum Incognitarum''. Attention is given to the project because we now have the principal registry in draft form and can help investigators locate types of almost all the Caribbean taxa.
Roger Lundin (S) and Thomas Zanoni (then of JBSD) began in 1990 a botanical biographical and bibliographical project of the Swedish plant collector Erik Leonard Ekman, who collected in Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) from 1914 until his death in 1931. A manuscript on Ekman in Hispaniola (1914, and 1924-1931) is in the final stage of editing for publication. Included will be the detailed itinerary on the island and maps to indicate locations visited by Ekman. The Caribbean plant specialist Ignatz Urban of Berlin (B) studied the Ekman specimens by special arrangement with Stockholm (S). Under the agreement, Urban was to identify and publish on the work of Ekman. The principal (full) set of vascular and non-vascular plants was to be returned to Stockholm. The Ekman Caribbean collection numbered over 35,000, and with duplicates totaling over 150,000 specimens. Stockholm S) should have a specimen of each number, sometimes there are even duplicates. Obviously, Urban returned the original specimens to Stockholm in accordance with the agreement, since many Ekman sheets are annotated as types in Urban's handwriting. Urban could keep one duplicate of the material upon which any of his and Ekman's publications were based. Berlin once reported about 24,000 Ekman numbers (including his South American specimens from his earlier years). Almost all the Berlin specimens were lost in 1944, in the nearly complete destruction of the herbarium there. However, original material, some times even the holotypes, probably still exists in Stockholm in most cases. It is important for taxonomists working on the Caribbean flora to contact S in their search for original Ekman specimens. We have noted in Flora Neotropica and other monographs, that Ekman's Caribbean specimens, especially types, are frequently cited from herbaria other than the principal Ekman herbarium at S, and sometimes are even stated to be lost at B. without citing the extant specimens from S! Some times S even has two type specimens, one which may have annotations by Urban, neither of which has been cited! Attention is drawn to the need to consult the ''premier'' collection of Ekman's Caribbean plants at Stockholm for types of names by Urban, Urban and Ekman, and Urban's collaborators at Berlin.
The herbarium BHU from the Humboldt University of Berlin was transferred in 1993 to the Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem B. The collection includes about 23,000 specimens from the Flora of Cuba Project (a joint project of Humboldt University and Cuban institutions). Requests for loans should now be sent to B.
Geographical and Political Divisions used in the Flora of the Greater Antilles (pp. 6 & 7):
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Dominican Republic : |
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| La Altagracia (11) Azua (20) Baoruco (27) Barahona (29) Dajabón (12) Duarte (6) Elias Piña (18) Espaillat (4) Hato Mayor (9) Independencia (28) María Trinidad Sánchez (7) Monseñor Nouel (22) Monte Cristi (1) Monte Plata (17) National District (24) |
Pedernales (30) Peravia (21) Puerto Plata (3) La Romana (26) Salcedo (5) Samaná (8) San Cristóbal (23) Sánchez Ramírez (16) San Juan (19) San Pedro de Macorís (25) Santiago (14) Santiago Rodríguez (13) El Seibo (10) Valverde (2) La Vega (15) |
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Maps taken from :
Haggerty, R.A. (ed.) 1991. Dominican Republic and Haiti: Country studies, Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. United States Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C.
Bobbi Angell, artist at The New York Botanical Garden, will be preparing the botanical illustrations for many of the families of the Flora of the Greater Antilles. She has asked that those who collect in the field should make liquid-preserved (in FAA) sample of flowers, fruits and leaves as well as a dried herbarium specimen to help her in the dissection of the material for illustration. The liquid and dried specimens should be clearly marked for her attention when they are sent to Bill Buck or Tom Zanoni at The New York Botanical Garden.
The John Crow and Blue Mountains National Park, the first terrestrial national natural
park in Jamaica, was inaugurated in 1993. The park covers 200,000 acres in the John Crow and Blue Mountains in
eastern Jamaica. The area reaches 2450 m elevation. In 1992, the first marine national park, Montego Bay Park,
in northwestern Jamaica, was inaugurated. Collectors should contact the National Park System about exploration
and collecting within the new national parks. The Natural Resources and Conservation Department, Kingston, Jamaica,
can be reached at tel. (909) 923-5166.
There are two ways to make phone calls to Cuba from the United States. AT&T has a
service for the hours of 21:00-23:00. To use the service, the caller in the U.S. must call ahead on 700-460-1000
to make an appointment for the call to be make.
Rapi-tel (P.O. Box 475, Succ. M, Montreal, Québec, Canada H1V 3M5 also will connect you with Cuba. Call
514-529-3484 to talk to Rapi-tel's operator. She will need the number that you want to call in Cuba, then try to
get through, and call you back to give you the connection. Rapi-tel's rates are US$15.00 for the first three minutes,
and US$3.00 for each additional minute, with a ten minute maximum per a call. Billings from Rapi-tel are mailed
to you.
RARE Center for Tropical Conservation (1616 Walnut Street, Suite 911, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 (FAX 215-735-3515)
sends DHL packets to Cuba each Friday. They will receive FAXes and letters to send on to scientists in Cuba. The
FAX message should be sent to RARE's number, the coversheet should be directed to RARE asking them to forward the
attached message (second sheet) which should be addressed (as in a letter) to the person in Cuba. Letters in envelopes
can also be sent to RARE. The outer envelope should be addressed to RARE. The inner envelope to be forwarded to
Cuba should have the correct address (and phone number, if available) of the person in Cuba. Packages are currently
not accepted by RARE for forwarding to Cuba.
Thomas A. Zanoni
This is the fifth part of a bibliographic series on Caribbean plants and plant taxonomy.
The first four parts were titled ''Bibliografía botánica del Caribe'' and were published in Moscosoa
vols. 2-7 (1986-1993). The current English-titled series also incorporates the ''Bibliografía de la flora
y de la vegetación de la Isla Española'', that was also published in Moscosoa.
Authors are requested to send copies of their publications to the editor of the Bibliography for inclusion in future
parts of the series. Send the publications to :
T. Zanoni
New York Botanical Garden
Bronx, New York 10458-5126, U.S.A.
(Publications not verified are indicated with a ''*'' preceding the authors names.)
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32 pp.
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Assessing the Quantity and Distribution of
Caribbean Biodiversity
: A symposium on
surveys and inventories of Caribbean biodiversity will be held in conjunction with the 3rd Symposium on Zoology
in Havana, cuba, from June 21 to 24, 1994.
Although the symposium is associated with a zoological meeting, botanical topics will be welcomed in this special
session that will address general biodiversity issues. papers may be presented in Spanish or English.
In order to receive further information contact: Lic. Luis Hernández, National Museum of Natural History
of Cuba, c/o Michael L. Smith, Center for Marine Conservation, 1725 DeSales Street, NW, Washington, DC 10036, 202-429-5609.
